Category Archives: BioEngineering

Superspreading events have distinguished the COVID-19 pandemic from the early outbreak of the disease. Now, research from Harvard University, Tulane University, MIT and Massachusetts General Hospital finds that a critical factor in these and other transmission events is the propensity of certain individuals to exhale large numbers of small respiratory droplets. The researchers found that age, obesity and COVID-19 infection all correlate with a propensity to breathe out more respiratory droplets.

Understanding the source and variance of respiratory droplet generation may lead to effective approaches to reducing COVID-19 infection and transmission.

The study was published yesterday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Respiratory droplet generation in the airways varies between people depending on their phenotype, said David Edwards, Associate in Bioengineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and co-author of the study. While our results show that the young and healthy tend to generate far fewer droplets than the older and less healthy, they also show, in combination with the results from nonhuman primates, that any of us, when infected by COVID-19, may be at risk of producing a large number of respiratory droplets. This is an important finding in that the majority of these droplets are smaller than a single micron, meaning they can carry infection deep into our lungs and propagate infection very far in poorly circulated indoor settings.

Using data from an observational study of 194 healthy people, ages 19 to 66, and an experimental study of nonhuman primates with COVID-19, researchers found that exhaled aerosol particles vary greatly between subjects. Those who were older with higher body mass indexes (BMI) and increasing degree of COVID-19 infection had three times the number of exhaled respiratory droplets as others in the study group.

The researchers found that 18 percent of human subjects accounted for 80 percent of the exhaled particles of the group, reflecting a distribution of exhaled aerosol particles analogous to a classical 20:80 super-spreader distribution of airborne infection. The findings suggest that quantitative assessment and control of exhaled aerosol may be critical to slowing the airborne spread of COVID-19 in the absence of an effective and widely disseminated vaccine.

Our nonhuman primate studies suggest that within a few days of infection by SARS-CoV-2 aerosol, exhaled aerosol increases with the rise of viral replication in the airways, reaching a peak within about a week from first infection and then diminishing in magnitude as the infection is cleared to return to baseline within two weeks post infection, said co-author Chad Roy, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Tulane School of Medicine and a core scientist at the Tulane National Primate Research Center at Tulane University. We observed these same phenomena with TB-infected nonhuman primates. It seems likely that viral and bacterial infection of the airway weaken airway mucus in similar ways and promote airborne movement of infection with risks to ourselves and those around us.

The authors argue that management of COVID-19 through the restoration of airway lining mucus barrier function, and, monitoring of exhaled aerosol numbers might be important strategies in the control of transmission and infection of COVID-19, and other respiratory infectious diseases, including TB and influenza.

The research was co-authored by Dennis Ausiello, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Jonathan Salzman and Tom Devlin, of Sensory Cloud; Robert Langer, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Brandon J. Beddingfield, Alyssa C. Fears, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Rachel K. Redmann, Stephanie Z. Killeen and Nicholas J. Maness, of Tulane National Primate Research Center .

It was supported in part by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (Grant # HHSN272201700033I), the National Institutes of Health (Grant # OD01110) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

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Exhaled respiratory droplets increase with the onset of COVID-19 infection and with aging and obesity | Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering...

Bioinformatics is a branch of science that uses technology to collect vital information pertaining to the bioengineering, biology, and biotechnology domain to present a logical analysis. To perform the analysis it uses various software tools, which are specifically designed for generating a biology analysis termed as bioinformatics software. Today, these tools are being used for creating predictive modeling and expression analysis of various genes and phenotypes. Adoption of bioinformatics software tools has significantly reduced the technical burden, introduced accuracy, and enabled efficiency in the scientific research is conducted.

The research report by Transparency Market Research has been compiled with deliberation and meticulous assessment of various factors. With primary and secondary research methodologies used to compile the overall report, the publication offers a thorough understanding of the globalbioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis. The report includes comments and recommendations by expert market leaders, which are aimed at helping the readers make well-informed business decisions.

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Global Bioinformatics Software for Predictive Modeling and Expression Analysis Market: Trends and Drivers

The sudden drop in the prices of gene sequencing and the subsequent rise in the demand for gene expression and predictive modeling has led to the emergence of bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis. The market is also thriving due to the emerging trend of outsourcing bioinformatics services and the superb technological advancements in the corresponding field. The entry of several new players who are taking up contracts of delivering bioinformatics services along with offering value added services has given the global market tremendous boost. The growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the evolution of healthcare industry have been the very turning points for the global bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis.

Global Bioinformatics Software for Predictive Modeling and Expression Analysis Market: Regional Outlook

In terms of geography, the global market is segmented into North America, Asia Pacific, Rest of the World, and Europe. Currently, North America holds a leading share in the bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis market. The region is expected to assert its dominance in the coming years due to the well-established healthcare infrastructure, higher acceptance of technological advancements, and increasing investments in the development of software tools. Furthermore, increasing awareness amongst healthcare professionals about advantages of deploying bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis is also expected to fuel the rise of the regional market in the near future. Europe trails this lead quite closely for similar reasons and is expected to remain a steady contributor to the rising revenue of the global market in the coming years.

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On the other hand, the fast-paced growth of the medical sector in Asia Pacific is also expected to offer several lucrative opportunities to Asia-Pacific bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis market. The emergence of medical tourism in developing countries such as China, India, and Japan are likely to utilize these methods in areas of gene expression, drug discovery, and determination of phenotypic information. Furthermore, increasing investments by the governments to improve the healthcare sector is also expected to fuel the Asia Pacific bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis.

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Key Companies Mentioned in the Report are:

The prominent players operating in the global bioinformatics software for predictive modeling and expression analysis market are SmartGene Services SARL, Accelrys, Inc., Affymetrix, Inc., Agilent Technologies Inc., Biobase GmbH, Cartagenia N.V., CLC bio A/S, DNASTAR, Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., GenoLogics Life Sciences Software Inc., Illumina, Inc., Genedata AG, Genomatix Software GmbH and Molecular Networks GmbH.

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Bioinformatics Software for Predictive Modeling and Expression Analysis Market 2021 : Growth And Future Prospects Analyzed KSU | The Sentinel...

ByEmily Steele, Illinois Extension, Media Communications Coordinator| Special to the McDonough County Voice

URBANA, Ill. Spring is characterized by a fury of activity on farms. In the rush to get crops in the ground, farmers may not have safety and health as a priority.

Learn how to prevent common farm injuries and illness during this critical time at a free online webinar by University of Illinois Extension and AgrAbility. Preparing for a Safe Planting Season will run from noon to 1 p.m. CT Feb. 18 online via Zoom. Register online atgo.illinois.edu/AgrSafePlanting. Those who cannot attend live can still sign up to receive access to the recorded webinar.

In Illinois, we often see an uptick in agricultural-related injuries in the spring, saysJosie Rudolphi, Illinois Extensionspecialist. And COVID-19 will again present additional health and safety challenges to farmers.

Extension andIllinois AgrAbilityare joining together to provide practical tips and seasonal reminders appropriate for large and small-scale producers and farm families. Rudolphi will be joined bySalah Issafrom theCollege of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.

Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. If you need a reasonable accommodation to participate, contact Josie Rudolphi atjosier@illinois.edu. Early requests are strongly encouraged to allow sufficient time for meeting access needs.

Source: Josie M. Rudolphi,Illinois Extension Specialist, Assistant Professor, College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

About Illinois Extension: Illinois Extension leads public outreach for University of Illinois by translating research into action plans that allow Illinois families, businesses, and community leaders to solve problems, make informed decisions, and adapt to changes and opportunities.

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Stay safe on the farm this planting season - McDonough Voice

A global team of experts has put together a list of the most urgent biosecurity threats, with bioengineering threats such as DNA-based surveillance among the top-ranked concerns.

The exercise was facilitated by the Centre for Existential Risk (CSER) and the BioRISC project, both based at the University of Cambridge. A group of 41 academics and figures from industry and government submitted 450 questions facing the UK government regarding biological security. These were then debated, voted on and ranked to define the 80 most urgent questions.

The questions were sorted into six categories: bioengineering; communication and behaviour; disease threats; governance and policy; invasive alien species, and securing biological materials and securing against misuse.

The line-up published in PLOS ONE includes questions around whether data from social media platforms should be used to help detect early signs of emerging pathogens; custom DNA synthesis; threats from human-engineered agents, andhow to incorporate biosecurity into science education.

In the year before the pandemic, the UK was ranked second in the world for global health security by the Global Health Security Index a confidence underpinned by its 2018 Biological Security Strategy, said CSERs Dr Luke Kemp, who led the research. Clearly, improvements are needed and not just to be ready for a future Covid-19-like crisis.

We need to plan for a biosecure future that could see anything from brain-altering bioweapons and mass surveillance through DNA databases to low-carbon clothes produced by microorganisms. Many of these seem to lie in the realm of science fiction, but they do not. Such capabilities in bioengineering could prove even more impactful, for better or worse, than the current pandemic.

An international team anonymously scored the 80 issues to produce a priority list of 20 challenges. These weredivided into the most immediate (likely to be faced within the next five years); those on a five-to-10-year timeline, and those a decade or further in the future.

Kemp describes these 20 threats as ranging from the promising to the petrifying.

One of the most immediate threats is surveillance via DNA databases. The Chinese government has already used blood sampling to target the Uighur population, Kemp said, and commercial DNA databases could become the next frontier of surveillance capitalism.

The possibility of using genetic databases for mass surveillance will only grow in coming years, particularly with the rise of new tracking and monitoring methods, powers and apps during the Covid-19 response.

A high-ranked issue for the longer term was malicious uses of neurochemistry. According to the team of experts, advances in bioengineering and neuroscience could lead to beneficial new drugs but also new weapons.

Imagine a world in which law enforcement uses drugs to placate and control crowds, greatly diminishing the promise of non-violent protest movements on climate and social justice, Kemp said. Regulation is critical at both the international and national level. We need to ensure that new insights into the human brain are not weaponised for either the army or police force.

Kemp added: The world, not just the UK, needs a thoughtful, transparent and evidence-based way of identifying emerging issues in biosecurity and bioengineering. Whether it be a new flu pandemic, new bioweapons, or new ways to sequester carbon, forewarned is forearmed.

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Bioengineering threats rated as a top biosecurity risk - E&T Magazine

Avian influenza vaccines marketis expected to gain market growth at a potential rate of 16.34% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Increasing awareness among the people regarding the availability as well as benefits of avian influenza vaccines which will help in boosting the growth of the market.

Avian Influenza Vaccines market report provides the best research offerings and the required critical information when it is about looking for new product trends or competitive analysis of an existing or emerging market. With this business report companies can hone their competitive edge again and again. The report comprises of expert insights on global industries, products, company profiles, and market trends. Users can gain unlimited, company-wide access to a comprehensive catalog of industry-specific market research from this industry analysis report. The global Avian Influenza Vaccines marketing document examines industries at a much higher level than a market study.

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The major players covered in the avian influenza vaccines market report are Harbin Veterinary Research Institute (HVRI),Ceva, Elanco., YEBIO BIOENGINEERING CO., LTD OF QINGDAO, Zoetis, FATRO S.P.A., CAVAC, Merck & Co. Inc., Boehringer Engelheim Ltd, Avimex Animal Health, Guangdong Wenshi Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk., Chengdu Tech-bank Biological Products Co., Ltd, Medion, JOVAC., Phibro Animal Health Corporation., HIPRA, Aptimmune, among other domestic and global players.

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Global Avian Influenza Vaccines Market Scope and Market Size

Avian influenza vaccines market is segmented on the basis of vaccine type, application, and strain. The growth among segments helps you analyse niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

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North America dominates the avian influenza vaccines market due to rising awareness among the people along with growing number of research and development activities in the region while the Asia-Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027 due to the rising occurrences ofinfectionalong with increasing dependence on poultry for protein.

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Global Avian Influenza Vaccines Market IS Projected TO Register A Healthy Cagr OF 16.34% IN THE Forecast TO 2027||YEBIO BIOENGINEERING CO., LTD OF...

U.C. Merced recently announced that bioengineering professor Arvind Gopinath was a recipient of the early career, or CAREER, award from the National Science Foundation.

Gopinath received the award for his research that seeks to understand how living biological materials such as bacterial swarms and fungal biofilms colonize surfaces, respond to physical features of their environments and cause infection, a university release said.

The Indian American professor is the 27th researcher from UC Merced to earn this recognition.

CAREER awards are among the NSFs most prestigious awards. They are given through the Faculty Early Career Development Program to recognize untenured faculty members as teacher-scholars, the release said.

Early-career faculty members are selected based on three factors: the strength of their research proposals; their potential to serve as academic role models in research and education; and their leadership in their field and organizations.

Gopinath will receive $525,868 over the next five years for his research and educational outreach, the report said.

Our research focusses on understanding how bacterial and fungal cells cooperate and form multicellular materials, such as biofilms, that can morph and adapt continuously to challenging environments. This will help us identify mechanisms and methods by which colonization and infection may be controlled, Gopinath said in a statement.

Gopinath andhis labare currently studying how single bacterial cells sense surfaces; the properties of living matter such as bacterial swarms and fungal films; the emergence of cooperativity in intracellular networks; and the mechanics of blood clots, the report adds.

This NSF CAREER award is key to sustaining Arvinds very active research group and acknowledges the promise his line of research offers in better understanding the fundamental processes influencing biofilm formation,Department of Bioengineeringchair and professor emeritus Tom Peterson said in a statement.

Each CAREER award proposal includes an educational outreach component, and Gopinaths includes working with the Fresno American Indian Health Project to engage with Indigenous youth and help familiarize them with science, technology, engineering and math studies and careers.

Native Americans tend to be underrepresented in universities and in STEM fields, and this is partly due to a lack of engagement with the community, Gopinath adds. STEM careers provide opportunities to give back to their communities. I am excited to collaborate and work with FAIHP and their sister organizations covering the Merced, Fresno Unified, Central Unified, and Clovis Unified schools.

Gopinath began his full-time academic career in 2017. His interdisciplinary work spans graduate groups including Bioengineering, Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. He is a member of theHealth Sciences Research Instituteand theCenter for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines. This is Gopinaths second NSF grant to support his work studying bacteria and biofilm formation, the university said.

The CAREER Award is a huge honor and incredibly helpful for me and for my students, he added in the report. Its nice to be recognized early in my career and is very encouraging.

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UC Merced Indian American Researcher Arvind Gopinath Receives 2nd NSF CAREER Award - India West