Search Immortality Topics:

Page 11234..1020..»


Category Archives: Nano Medicine

Oxford and Cardiff alumni named BSNM Champion in Nanomedicine – News from Wales

Dr. Aadarsh Mishra, 27, an alumnus of Oxford University and Cardiff University has been named as the Champion of The British Society for Nanomedicine. Aadarsh graduated with a First Class Honours in Mechanical Engineering from Cardiff University in 2017.

The British Society for Nanomedicine is the primary UK nanomedicine society which aims to raise awareness of nanomedicine research while fostering collaboration with industry, academia, clinicians and the public. The Champions of the British Society for Nanomedicine act as a local ambassador for the society, and include early career researchers, lecturers, and professors.

Aadarshs research involves rheology and biomechanical modelling of agarose gels and soft tissues. In the past, agar has been used as a multifunctional encapsulating material and as a drug carrier. Aadarsh has been particularly working with agarose hydrogels and investigating their biomechanical properties as a soft tissue mimic. His work will lead to a better understanding of the agarose-tissue response in time and frequency domain. During his research, Aadarsh has mimicked heart and kidney tissues using agarose hydrogels which will have potential applications in elastography techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging (ARFI) and Shear Wave Elastography (SWE). Moreover, the agarose mimicking kidney will have potential applications during lithotripsy technique (for kidney stone treatment).

Aadarsh worked with Alesi Surgical Ltd. (Cardiff) as a Research and Development (R&D) Engineer (from 2015-17) and co-invented the design electrode shield which was later filed as an international patent. At the age of 21, Aadarsh co-authored a high-impact factor paper in Nano Letters (published by American Chemical Society) where he performed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. Aadarsh has also worked at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Delhi) on a defence project where he was developing experimental setups for high strain rate testing. In 2014, Aadarsh pursued his research internship at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc, Bangalore) on a project related to Tribology.

Aadarsh has also published a chapter in the book Power Ultrasonics and presented his work at several international conferences such as Annual European Rheology Conference and 18th European Mechanics of Materials Conference. Aadarsh was also elected as the Fellow of Royal Astronomical Society at 19 years of age.

See the article here:
Oxford and Cardiff alumni named BSNM Champion in Nanomedicine - News from Wales

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on Oxford and Cardiff alumni named BSNM Champion in Nanomedicine – News from Wales

Understanding the Protein Corona in Nanomedicine – Medriva

Understanding the Protein Corona in Nanomedicine

As nanomedicine continues to expand its horizons in the field of therapeutic nucleic acid delivery and beyond, understanding the protein corona, a layer of biomolecules that forms on nanoparticles in biological fluids, is of critical importance. This protein layer plays a pivotal role in determining the safety and efficacy of nanomedicine.

A recent multi-center study involving 17 proteomics facilities underscored the significance of this layer, revealing substantial data variability. Remarkably, only 1.8% of proteins were consistently identified across these centers, indicating the need for a harmonized approach to nanoparticle protein corona analysis.

The study further illuminated the importance of standardizing procedures in protein corona analysis. The implementation of an aggregated database search with uniform parameters proved instrumental in harmonizing proteomics data, increasing the reproducibility and the percentage of consistently identified unique proteins across distinct cores.

More specifically, the study found that reduction and alkylation are crucial steps in protein corona sample processing, with the omission of these steps reducing the number of total quantified peptides by around 20%. Thus, uniform data processing pipelines can play a major role in enhancing the reproducibility of protein corona analysis.

Just like plasma proteomics, protein corona analysis faces an array of challenges, including a broad dynamic range and the presence of different protein isoforms. Furthermore, the composition of the protein corona determines how biosystems perceive nanoparticles, a factor that can lead to biased data interpretation if low-abundant genuine targets are not detected. The quality and proteome coverage of protein corona reported by core facilities can be affected by various factors, further underscoring the need for standardization across different proteomics studies.

The study also investigated the influence of database search, data extraction, processing, and analysis on observed data heterogeneity, laying the groundwork for future research to standardize and harmonize results. This is particularly important in the realm of nanomedicine, where protein-based nanoparticles show immense potential for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery, owing to their unique properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization.

Looking forward, the standardization and harmonization of protein corona data will be instrumental in overcoming barriers to effective protein nanoparticle-mediated nucleic acid delivery. It will also aid in the development of non-viral protein materials for nucleic acid delivery, and in the design of smart drug delivery systems (DDS) that specifically target pathologic tissues while minimizing off-target effects on healthy tissues.

By addressing these challenges and advancing clinical applications of nanoscale biotechnologies, we may be one step closer to realizing the full potential of nanomedicine, from insulin injections and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to monitoring oxygen levels and overcoming barriers to nanoparticle penetration into tumors.

Continued here:
Understanding the Protein Corona in Nanomedicine - Medriva

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on Understanding the Protein Corona in Nanomedicine – Medriva

Immunoregulatory nanomedicine for respiratory infections – Nature.com

Dowell, S. F. & Ho, M. S. Seasonality of infectious diseases and severe acute respiratory syndromewhat we dont know can hurt us. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4, 704708 (2004).

Article Google Scholar

Bygbjerg, I. C. Double burden of noncommunicable and infectious diseases in developing countries. Science 337, 14991501 (2012).

Article Google Scholar

Baker, R. E. et al. Infectious disease in an era of global change. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20, 193205 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Dong, E., Du, H. & Gardner, L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 533534 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Mosier, D. A. Bacterial pneumonia. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract. 13, 483493 (1997).

Article Google Scholar

Bradley, B. T. & Bryan, A. Emerging respiratory infections: the infectious disease pathology of SARS, MERS, pandemic influenza, and Legionella. Semin. Diagn. Pathol. 36, 152159 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Shao, X. et al. An innate immune system cell is a major determinant of species-related susceptibility differences to fungal pneumonia. J. Immunol. 175, 32443251 (2005).

Article Google Scholar

Zhou, P. & Shi, Z.-L. SARS-CoV-2 spillover events. Science 371, 120122 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Abraham, E. et al. Consensus conference definitions for sepsis, septic shock, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome: time for a reevaluation. Crit. Care Med. 28, 232235 (2000).

Article Google Scholar

DiSilvio, B. et al. Complications and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 42, 349361 (2019).

Google Scholar

Li, K. et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J. Infect. Dis. 213, 712722 (2016).

Article Google Scholar

Singh, A. Eliciting B cell immunity against infectious diseases using nanovaccines. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1624 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Saunders, K. O. et al. Neutralizing antibody vaccine for pandemic and pre-emergent coronaviruses. Nature 594, 553559 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Su, Z. et al. Bioresponsive nano-antibacterials for H2S-sensitized hyperthermia and immunomodulation against refractory implant-related infections. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn1701 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Chaudhary, N., Weissman, D. & Whitehead, K. A. mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 20, 817838 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Wareing, M. D. & Tannock, G. A. Live attenuated vaccines against influenza; an historical review. Vaccine 19, 33203330 (2001).

Article Google Scholar

Skountzou, I. et al. Salmonella flagellins are potent adjuvants for intranasally administered whole inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine 28, 41034112 (2010).

Article Google Scholar

Ellebedy, A. H. et al. Contemporary seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus infection primes for a more robust response to split inactivated pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccination in ferrets. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17, 19982006 (2010).

Article Google Scholar

Ninomiya, A. Intranasal administration of a synthetic peptide vaccine encapsulated in liposome together with an anti-CD40 antibody induces protective immunity against influenza A virus in mice. Vaccine 20, 31233129 (2002).

Article Google Scholar

Roy, S. et al. Viral vector and route of administration determine the ILC and DC profiles responsible for downstream vaccine-specific immune outcomes. Vaccine 37, 12661276 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Mielcarek, N., Alonso, S. & Locht, C. Nasal vaccination using live bacterial vectors. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 51, 5569 (2001).

Article Google Scholar

Wu, Y. et al. A recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine confers protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in hamsters. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabg1143 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Smith, T. R. F. et al. Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Nat. Commun. 11, 2601 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Narasimhan, M. et al. Serological response in lung transplant recipients after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Vaccines 9, 708 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Berkhout, B., Verhoef, K., van Wamel, J. L. B. & Back, N. K. T. Genetic instability of live, attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine strains. J. Virol. 73, 11381145 (1999).

Article Google Scholar

Cevik, M. COVID-19 vaccines: keeping pace with SARS-CoV-2 variants. Cell 184, 50775081 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

KhalajHedayati, A., Chua, C. L. L., Smooker, P. & Lee, K. W. Nanoparticles in influenza subunit vaccine development: immunogenicity enhancement. Influenza Other Resp. Vir. 14, 92101 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Kim, C. G., Kye, Y.-C. & Yun, C.-H. The role of nanovaccine in cross-presentation of antigen-presenting cells for the activation of CD8+ T cell responses. Pharmaceutics 11, 612 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Silva, A. L., Soema, P. C., Sltter, B., Ossendorp, F. & Jiskoot, W. PLGA particulate delivery systems for subunit vaccines: linking particle properties to immunogenicity. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 12, 10561069 (2016).

Article Google Scholar

Huang, J. et al. Nasal nanovaccines for SARS-CoV-2 to address COVID-19. Vaccines 10, 405 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Hussain, A. et al. mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and diverse diseases. J. Control. Rel. 345, 314333 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Meng, Q. et al. Capturing cytokines with advanced materials: a potential strategy to tackle COVID19 cytokine storm. Adv. Mater. 33, 2100012 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Hotchkiss, R. S., Coopersmith, C. M., McDunn, J. E. & Ferguson, T. A. The sepsis seesaw: tilting toward immunosuppression. Nat. Med. 15, 496497 (2009).

Article Google Scholar

van de Veerdonk, F. L. et al. A guide to immunotherapy for COVID-19. Nat. Med. 28, 3950 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Wykes, M. N. & Lewin, S. R. Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 18, 91104 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

Florindo, H. F. et al. Immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 630645 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Jiang, S., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Hotez, P. J. & Du, L. Neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 4, 11341139 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Nasiruddin, M., Neyaz, Md. K. & Das, S. Nanotechnology-based approach in tuberculosis treatment. Tuberc. Res. Treat. 2017, 112 (2017).

Google Scholar

Abani, O. et al. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet 397, 16371645 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

The REMAP-CAP Investigators. Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 14911502 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Kozlov, M. Omicron overpowers key COVID antibody treatments in early tests. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03829-0 (2021).

Roback, J. D. & Guarner, J. Convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19: possibilities and challenges. JAMA 323, 15611562 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Nguyen, P. T. N., Nho Van Le, Nguyen Dinh, H. M., Nguyen, B. Q. P. & Nguyen, T. V. A. Lung penetration and pneumococcal target binding of antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infection. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 38, 20852095 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Qiao, Q. et al. Nanomedicine for acute respiratory distress syndrome: the latest application, targeting strategy, and rational design. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 11, 30603091 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Duan, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, Q., Gao, W. & Zhang, L. Nanoparticle approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr. Opin. Solid. State Mater. Sci. 25, 100964 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Doroudian, M., MacLoughlin, R., Poynton, F., Prina-Mello, A. & Donnelly, S. C. Nanotechnology based therapeutics for lung disease. Thorax 74, 965976 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Yang, H. et al. Amino acid-dependent attenuation of Toll-like receptor signalling by peptide-gold nanoparticle hybrids. ACS Nano 9, 67746784 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Gao, Y., Dai, W., Ouyang, Z., Shen, M. & Shi, X. Dendrimer-mediated intracellular delivery of fibronectin guides macrophage polarization to alleviate acute lung injury. Biomacromolecules 24, 886895 (2023).

Article Google Scholar

Liu, F.-C. et al. Use of cilomilast-loaded phosphatiosomes to suppress neutrophilic inflammation for attenuating acute lung injury: the effect of nanovesicular surface charge. J. Nanobiotechnol. 16, 35 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

Kou, M. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis. 13, 580 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Liu, W. et al. Recent advances of cell membrane-coated nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2003559 (2020).

Read more:
Immunoregulatory nanomedicine for respiratory infections - Nature.com

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on Immunoregulatory nanomedicine for respiratory infections – Nature.com

Nano-Particles Show Promise in Treating Infectious Diseases – Mirage News

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the importance of being prepared with drug interventions to contain viral outbreaks that can otherwise have devastating consequences. In preparing for the next pandemicor Disease X, there is an urgent need for versatile platform technologies that could be repurposed upon short notice, to combat infectious outbreaks.

A team of researchers, led by Assistant Professor Minh Le from the Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM) and Department of Pharmacology at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine), discovered that nano-sized particles released by cells, termed "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), can curb the viral infectivity of SARS-CoV-2its wild type and variant strainsand potentially other infectious diseases. Asst Prof Le said, "Our study showed that these cell-derived nanoparticles are effective carriers of drugs that target viral genes precisely. These EVs are therefore an efficient tool for therapeutic intervention in patients who are infected with COVID-19 or other infectious diseases."

The study, conducted in collaboration with NUS Medicine's Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) Core Facility, the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore at National University of Singapore, and the School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), demonstrated potent inhibition of COVID-19 infection in laboratory models using a combination of EV-based inhibition and anti-sense RNA therapy mediated by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). A versatile tool that can be applied to any gene of interest, ASOs can recognise and bind to complementary regions of target RNA molecules and induce their inhibition and degradation.

In the study, published in ACS Nano, the authors utilised human red blood cell-derived EVs to deliver ASOs to key sites infected with SARS-CoV-2, resulting in efficient suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. The researchers also discovered that EVs exhibited distinct antiviral properties, capable of inhibiting phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor-mediated pathways of viral infectiona key pathway utilised by many viruses to facilitate viral infection. These viral inhibitory mechanisms were applicable to multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta and Omicron strains, ensuring their broad effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The results from the study point to anti-sense RNA therapy with ASOs as a potentially effective approach that could serve to combat future viral outbreaks. The platform that was developed to deliver ASOs through EVs to target the SARS-CoV-2 viral genes can be readily applied to treat other viral infections by replacing the ASO sequences with those complementary to the target viral genes. Asst Prof Le and her graduate students Migara Jay and Gao Chang, the first authors of the study, are currently developing more potent combinations of ASOs with the help of artificial intelligence prediction models to achieve enhanced viral inhibition. This collaborative effort includes partnership with the research teams of Associate Professor Edward Chow from WisDM, NUS Medicine, and NUS Medicine's BSL3 Core Facility.

Associate Professor Justin Chu, Director of the BSL3 Core Facility at NUS Medicine, and co-author of the study, added, "This remarkable extracellular vesicle-based delivery platform technology coupled with anti-viral therapy is highly promising to combat a broad range of viruses and even Disease X." The latter is a general description for emerging and unknown infectious threats, such as novel coronaviruses. The term was used to alert and encourage the development of platform technologies, including vaccines, drug therapies and diagnostic tests, which could be quickly customised and then deployed against future epidemic and pandemic outbreaks. Assoc Prof Chu is also from the Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme at NUS Medicine.

Professor Dean Ho, Provost's Chair Professor and Director of WisDM at NUS Medicine, said, "This work brings the scalable and well-tolerated extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery platform an important step closer towards clinical validation studies."

See the original post here:
Nano-Particles Show Promise in Treating Infectious Diseases - Mirage News

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on Nano-Particles Show Promise in Treating Infectious Diseases – Mirage News

The effects of exposure to O2- and HOCl-nanobubble water on … – Nature.com

Clinical parameters of the participants

Table 1 shows clinical parameter of the participants. The median age was 53.5years (Interquartile range (IQR) 45.868.0), and the median number of teeth was 25.5 (IQR 23.028.0). Of the total number of 153 periodontal sites, the median number of pockets less than 3mm was 123.50 (IQR 101.80147.00), the median number of pockets 4mm was 16 (IQR 3.7528.25), and the median number of pockets greater than 5mm was 1.5 (IQR 0.008.00).

In this study, salivary microbiota composition of 16 patients was studied based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The samples provided 2,092,625 quality reads corresponding to the V3V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, which were subsequently assigned to 308 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on~97% sequence similarity. We investigated the changes of alpha-diversity due to exposure to NBW. In observed features, O2-NBW and HOCl-NBW tended to decrease alpha-diversity relative to the control; however, the differences were not significant (P=0.85). Shannon index also did not show significant differences (P=0.79) (Supplementary Fig.1). Figure1 shows the scatter diagram of beta-diversity based on Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). In the Unweighted UniFraq distance, there was no significant difference between control and O2-NBW (P=0.168) or between control and HOCl-NBW (P=0.916) (Fig.1A). Similarly, there was no significant difference between control and O2-NBW or HOCl-NBW at the Weighted UniFrac distance (Fig.1B, P=0.521; P=0.828, respectively).

Beta-diversity of unweighted UniFraq distance (A) and weighted UniFraq distance (B). Colored dots indicate individual sample groups: Black: Control; red: O2-NBW; green: HOCl-NBW. Colored circles indicate groups exposed to NBW; Black: Control; Red: O2-NBW; Green: HOCl-NBW.

Supplementary Fig.2 shows the relative frequencies of the different salivary bacteria. The bacterial genera, based on detection in 1% or more of the total population of the salivary microbiome, were composed of 71 OTUs (frequency>0.001) (Supplementary Fig.2A). Specifically, 14 major genera including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Rothia, Graulicatella, Alloprevotella, Campylobacter, Atopobium, Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1] were detected. In similar analyses, bacterial species that were detected in 1% and more of the salivary microbiome, constituted 166 OTUs (frequence>0.001) and included 25 major species, namely Prevotella melaninogenica, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus salivarius, Neisseria spp., Porphyromonas pasteri, Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus spp., Rothia mucilaginosa, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Veillonella atypica, Leptotrichia sp. HMT417, Prevotella pallens, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella rogosae, Prevotella spp., Granulicatella adiacens, Leptotrichia sp. HMT221, Streptococcus parasanguinis clade411, Neisseria subflava, Prevotella sp. HMT313, Prevotella salivae, Campylobacter concisus, Leptotrichia sp. HMT215, Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1] bacterium HMT352, Atopobium parvulum.

We next investigated the relative abundance in the control and exposed groups by bacterial genera. Repeat measures ANOVA for the 14 bacterial genera with detection rates greater than 1% showed that only the genus Porphyromonas had a significant association among the three groups. Multiple testing also revealed significant associations between control and O2-NBW (P=0.044) and between control and HOCl-NBW (P=0.007) in the genus Porphyromonas (Table 2). Also, we investigated the relative abundance in the control and exposed groups by bacterial species. Repeated measures analysis of variance for the 25 bacterial species with detection rates greater than 1% showed that only P. pasteri was significantly associated among the three groups (P=0.008). Multiple testing also showed a significant reduction (1.066%) in P. pasteri (P=0.028) between control and HOCl-NBW (Table 3).

Figure2 shows the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis by Wards method based on the results of the PCoA, which revealed two subclusters in terms of both Unweighted UniFraq distance (Fig.2A) and Weighted UniFraq distance (Fig.2B). In Fig.2A, CL1 and CL2 were formed, with CL1 having 10 subjects and CL2 having 6 subjects. In Fig.2B, CL3 and CL4 were formed, with CL3 comprising 9 subjects and CL4 7 subjects.

Results of cluster analysis of relative abundance in oral microbiome (N=16). (A) Unweighted cluster. (B) Weighted cluster. Stratified cluster analyses were performed according to the Ward method based on the results of PCoA. Numbers indicate sample ID. Clustering was performed using the Ward method with Euclidian Distance.

Supplementary Fig.3 shows the results of the principal coordinates analysis of the Unweighted UniFraq distance (A, B), and the Weighted UniFrac distance (C, D). Supplementary Fig.3A shows the results between Control and O2-NBW, and Supplementary Fig.3B shows the results between Control and HOCl-NBW. In Supplementary Fig.3A, there was no significant difference between the two groups in CL1 (P=0.536), while in CL2 there was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.033). On the other hand, in Supplementary Fig.3B, there was no significant difference between CL1 and CL2.

In contrast, Supplementary Fig.3C,D show the results of the principal coordinates analysis of the Weighted UniFraq distance. Supplementary Fig.3C shows the results for control and O2-NBW, and Supplementary Fig.3D shows the results for control and HOCl-NBW. There were no significant differences between the two groups for both CL3 and CL4 in Supplementary Fig.3C,D.

We investigated the relative abundance of bacterial genera in CL1 and CL2 in the Unweighted cluster; no bacterial genera were significantly different in both CL1 and CL2. Also, in bacterial species, no bacterial species were found to have a significant difference between CL1 and CL2 (Supplementary Table 1).

On the other hand, in the relative abundance of bacterial genera in CL3 in the weighted clusters, the only significant reduction (1.186%) between Control and HOCl-NBW was observed in the genus Porphyromonas (Table 4). However, no bacterial genus showed significant differences in CL4. In the relative abundance of bacterial species, only P. pasteri showed significant reduction (0.921%) among the bacterial species in the CL3. On the other hand, no significant differences were found among the bacterial species in the CL4 (Table 5).

Tables 6 and 7 show the clinical parameters of the subjects according to cluster. Table 6 shows the Unweighted results; the categories that showed significant differences between CL1 and CL2 were the number of probing pocket depth (PD)s less than 3mm, the number of PDs 4mm, and the number of PDs greater than 5mm. No significant differences were found in the other categories. Table 7 shows the weighted results, where the category that showed a significant difference between CL3 and CL4 was the number of PDs of 4mm. No significant differences were found in the other categories.

Figure3 shows a scatter plot between PD values and difference in relative abundance in CL3 (N=9), the cluster where a significant association between Control and HOCl-NBW was observed in Tables 4 and 5. As shown in Fig.3B, t=2.45 at PD=4mm, indicating that the higher the number of PD=4mm, the higher the effect of HOCl-NBW exposure on P. pasteri. On the other hand, no significant association was found for PD=3mm or less and PD=5mm or more. These results suggest that relative abundance of P. pasteri is associated with clinical signs of early stage of periodontitis.

Scatter plots and correlation coefficient tests in CL3 group (N=9). Spearmans rank correlation coefficient. Alternative hypothesis: true is greater than 0. The significance level was set at alpha=0.05. (A) Spearmans rank correlation coefficient0.0667 (P=0.58). (B) Spearmans rank correlation coefficient 0.653 (P=0.028). (C) Spearmans rank correlation coefficient 0.131(P=0.37).

Read the original post:
The effects of exposure to O2- and HOCl-nanobubble water on ... - Nature.com

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on The effects of exposure to O2- and HOCl-nanobubble water on … – Nature.com

Building Trust and Fostering Collaborations Key to Startup Formation – Weill Cornell Medicine Newsroom

One of the hardest points on the translational road from bench to bedside can be the point where you have to turn over your discovery to a company youve foundeda company whose subsequent direction you wont fully control.

Its sort of your baby that youre turning over, said Dr. Ronald Crystal, chair of the Department of Genetic Medicine and the Bruce Webster Professor of Internal Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, gene therapy pioneer and four-time startup founder. But youve got to be willing to let go of it; it takes a village to develop a new drug.

Dr. Crystal and others recounted recent entrepreneurial journeysin his case, to bring a gene therapy for refractory angina to the clinicat the seventh annual Deans Symposium onInnovation and Entrepreneurship, hosted by Enterprise Innovation on Nov. 7 in the Griffis Faculty Club. Now an established tradition, the Deans Symposium celebrates innovation and Weill Cornell Medicines entrepreneurial spirit, and showcases the institutions support for faculty and trainees who want to bring their discoveries to market to benefit a large patient population.

Dr. Robert Harrington speaks during the Dean's Symposium on Innovation and Entrepreneurship.

You are part of a medical college that has a history of innovation, Dr. Robert Harrington, the Stephen and Suzanne Weiss Dean of Weill Cornell Medicine reminded attendees, citing the example of Weill Cornells Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou, developer of the Pap Smear a century ago. Dr. Harrington noted that, thanks to Weill Cornell Medicines network of programs supporting translational research, there are currently 44 active startups founded by institutional researchers, with a total of nearly $2 billion in funding, including from top-tier venture capital firms.

Dr. Krystyn Van Vliet, Cornell Universitys vice president for research and innovation, emphasized that the journey from discovery to commercialization requires much resilience and expertise, which is why a team that helps guide the harder steps of our investors is so important.

Dr. John Leonard, senior associate dean for innovation and initiatives, discussed the recent expansion of Weill Cornell Medicine Enterprise Innovations team of experts and entrepreneurial programs.

It's really important to keep in mind that our remit here, and the opportunities, are broad, Dr. Leonard said, noting that Enterprise Innovation partners with innovators to develop not only therapeutics and medical devices but also diagnostics, laboratory tools and software tools for clinical and research applications.

Dr. John Leonard

If youre working in these areas, there are opportunities to take your findings forward in different ways, said Dr. Leonard, who is also interim chair of the Weill Department of Medicine and the Richard T. Silver Distinguished Professor of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Keynote speaker Dr. Sangeeta Bhatia, a physician, biomedical engineer and serial inventor/entrepreneur who is the John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Engineering and director of the Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies at M.I.T., offered an appealing picture of translational success as she discussed some of her many inventions. These include a human-liver-on-a-chip device that pharma companies can use to study drug metabolism without posing risks to patients; an injectable set of nano-sensors that can be collected in urine to provide a multiplex readout of liver health as an alternative to liver biopsy; and a liver-cell-based therapy for treating liver disease.

Dr. Bhatia highlighted that now is a great time for biomedical and biotech entrepreneurs, given the advances and convergences in miniaturization, artificial intelligence, stem cell methods, genomics and other relevant, cutting-edge technologies.

She noted too that female academics, though underrepresented in startups, are getting more support and resources than ever. At M.I.T., for example, Dr. Bhatia recently helped start the Faculty Founder Initiative, which provides skilled mentorship, funding, legal advice, lab space and other resources to female faculty. She stressed that there are ways to minimize conflicts between entrepreneurship and family life, recounting how her first startup was hatched with colleagues in the hours after her youngest daughter went to bed, whereas for a subsequent venture, during the pandemic, she and her co-founders raised most of the initial funding via Zoom.

For those of you who have young families, it doesnt have to be that youre always going to dinners and getting on planesthere are all kinds of ways to do it, she said.

Dr. Bhatia also underscored that entrepreneurship tends to be easier when one doesnt go it alone.

It can be lonely and stressfulyoure doing something no ones ever done before and there are no right answers, and that can keep you up at night, she said. Its so much more fun to be on that ride with a colleague that you like and trust.

Trust, and willingness to bring others into ones circle of trust, was a theme echoed by Dr. Crystal and his colleague Albert Gianchetti, CEO of Xylocor Therapeutics, the startup now developing the angina gene therapy. In a discussion moderated by Dr. Lisa Placanica, senior managing director of Center for Technology Licensing at Weill Cornell Medicine, the scientist and seasoned pharma CEO spoke about hurdles overcome and lessons learned.

The biotech side, the business side, is like a whole different world, and you learn that the people involved on that side are really smart about that side of thingsthey may not know the things we scientists know, but we dont know the things they know, Dr. Crystal said.

The stories highlighted the key events in the science-to-startup journey: the initial high-impact scientific publication; the recognition of translational potential; the filing of patent applications and the drafting of a business plan; the acquisition of a mentor or mentors; the search for seed money and a founding CEO; the months-to-years-long hunt for that first big (Series A) investment, from venture capital investors or an established pharma company; and lastlyparticularly for therapeutic venturesthe first tests in patients.

You get better at it over time, Dr. Bhatia said. You develop a keener sense of what a company needs to make it to the next level, and at the same time your network of connections with investors and entrepreneurs is expanding.

Even so, she added, each entrepreneurial journey is different, and involves its own challenges and pitfalls.

Dr. Crystal reiterated this point during his fireside chat. I would advise the budding entrepreneurs in the audience to use the resources we have here to help you avoid some of those pitfalls, he said.

Naturally, all spoke of the satisfactionat the end of that entrepreneurial roadof being able to improve patients lives.

One of the most exciting things for me, Gianchetti said, was when we went out and interviewed patients who did very well in a trial, and they were talking about how much better they feltone asked, When can my family make an investment in this company? Because what you guys did for me was a miracle.

See more here:
Building Trust and Fostering Collaborations Key to Startup Formation - Weill Cornell Medicine Newsroom

Posted in Nano Medicine | Comments Off on Building Trust and Fostering Collaborations Key to Startup Formation – Weill Cornell Medicine Newsroom