Category Archives: Cryonics

Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Market Manufacturers, Product Types and Applications Analysis 2020-2027

Market Overview

The global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market has been studied by a group of researchers which is then turned into a report and published recently. This market has been studied for a definite forecast period of 2020 to 2027. The report consists information regarding the market dynamics that are affecting the growth of the market, various segments of the market to enable in-depth analysis, a detailed regional analysis to facilitate decision-making, and a competitive analysis to provide insight in the steps taken by the market vendors. However, to provide the reader of this report with a strong context, a basic overview section has been included at the beginning of this report. This section consists of information regarding the definition of the market, along with different applications of the product or service in end-user industry verticals.

Key Players

The global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market report includes a profiling section that includes profiles of various market vendors, along with strategic steps undertaken by them to expand their operations and gain an advantage over their rivals.

Some of the companies competing in the Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market are: SHI Cryogenics, Chart Industries, Inc., Cryomech, Inc, Thales Cryogenics, Cobham, AIM, Lihantech, and ULVAC Cryogenics

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The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) industry.

Market Dynamics

The report devised on global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market includes a section focused solely on the dynamics that are impacting the growth of the global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market over the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. These market dynamics include both, market drivers that are promoting the growth of the market, along with market restraints that are poised to challenge and slow down such growth. This study aims at providing insight into the market landscape and factors that pose a heavy influence in the functioning of the same.

Market Segmentation

The global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market has been segmented and analyzed on the basis of various aspects including type, component, applications, end-users, and region, among many others. This segmentation has aided researchers to evaluate the relationship between specific segmental growth and market growth. Further, it has also allowed the audience to this report to gain better perception and facilitate smoother decision-making processes. The detailed regional analysis has been conducted for North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

Research Methodology

The global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) market has been analyzed using Porters Five Force Model to precisely recognize the true growth potential of the market over the defined forecast period. Further, a SWOT analysis has aided in the reveal of various opportunities that market vendors can capitalize on, for gaining a competitive edge over market peers.

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Chapter 1: Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Market Overview

Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3: Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5: Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6: Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11: Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12: Global Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Market Forecast to 2027

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Pulse Tube Refrigerator (PTR) Industry 2020 by Market Analysis, Growth Opportunity, Future and Forecast to 2027| SHI Cryogenics, Chart Industries,...

Nikki Mirghafori has a fantastically unusual career. After getting a PhD in computer science, shes spent three decades as an artificial intelligence researcher and scientific advisor to tech startups in Silicon Valley. Shes also spent a bunch of time in Myanmar, training with a Buddhist meditation master in the Theravada tradition. Now she teaches Buddhist meditation internationally, alongside her work as a scientist.

One of Mirghaforis specialties is maranasati, which means mindfulness of death. Mortality might seem like a scary thing to contemplate in fact, maybe youre tempted to stop reading this right now but thats exactly why Id say you should keep reading. Death is something we really dont like to think or talk about, especially in the West. Yet our fear of mortality is whats driving so much of our anxiety, especially during this pandemic.

Maybe its the prospect of your own mortality that scares you. Or maybe youre like me, and thinking about the mortality of the people you love is really whats hard to wrestle with.

Either way, I think now is actually a great time to face that fear, to get on intimate terms with it, so that we can learn how to reduce the suffering it brings into our lives.

I recently spoke with Mirghafori for Future Perfects limited-series podcast The Way Through, which is all about mining the worlds rich philosophical and spiritual traditions for guidance that can help us through these challenging times.

In our conversation, Mirghafori outlined the benefits of contemplating our mortality. She then walked me through some specific practices for developing mindfulness of death and working through the fear that can come up around that. Some of them are simple, like reciting a few key sentences each morning, and some of them are more shall we say... intense.

I think theyre all fascinating ways that Buddhists have generated over the centuries to come to terms with the prospect of death rather than trying to escape it.

You can hear our full conversation in the podcast here. A partial transcript, edited for length and clarity, follows.

Youve worked in Silicon Valley and you still live near there, so Im sure youve encountered the desire in certain tech circles to live forever. There are biohackers who are taking dozens of supplements every day. Some are getting young blood transfusions, trying to put young peoples blood in their veins to live longer. Some are having their bodies or brains preserved in liquid nitrogen, doing cryopreservation so they can be brought back to life one day. What is your feeling about all these efforts?

Its the quest for immortality and the denial of death. Part of it is natural. Human beings have done this for as long as we have been conscious of the fact that we are mortal.

A person who really put this well was Ernest Becker, the author of the seminal book The Denial of Death. Id like to offer this quote from him:

This is the paradox. A human is out of nature and hopelessly in it. We are dual. Up in the stars and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill marks to prove it. A human is literally split in two. We have an awareness of our own splendid uniqueness in that we stick out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet we go back into the ground a few feet in order to blindly and dumbly rot and disappear forever. It is a terrifying dilemma to be in and to have to live with.

There is a whole field of research in psychology called terror management theory, which started from the work of Ernest Becker. This theory says that theres a basic psychological conflict that arises from having, on the one hand, a self-preservation instinct, and on the other hand, that realization that death is inevitable.

This psychological conflict produces terror. And how human beings manage this terror is either by embracing cultural beliefs or symbolic systems as ways to counter this biological reality, or doing these various things cryogenics, trying to find elixirs of life, taking lots of supplements or whatnot.

Its nothing new. The ancient Egyptians almost 4,000 years ago, and ancient Chinese almost 2,000 years ago, both believed that death-defying technology was right around the corner. The zeitgeist is not so different. We think we are more advanced, but it comes from the same fear, same denial of death.

It seems like in the West, we really have a bad case of that denial. I think we rarely talk about death or are willing to face up to the reality that were going to die. We seem to be wanting to always distract ourselves from it.

You are a Buddhist practitioner and you have a practice that is very much the opposite of that, which is mindfulness of death, or maranasati. Youve done trainings and led retreats around this subject. But some people might say this is too morbid and depressing to think about. So before we actually delve into the mindfulness of death practices, could you entice us by telling us a few of the benefits of doing them?

First and foremost, what I found for many people, myself included, is that facing the fact that I am not going to live forever really aligns my life with my values.

Most people suffer whats called the misalignment problem, which is that we dont quite live according to our values. There was a study that really highlighted this, by a team of scientists, including Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. They surveyed a group of women and compared how much satisfaction they derived from their daily activities. Among voluntary activities, youd probably expect that peoples choices would roughly correlate to their satisfaction. Youre choosing to do it, so youd think that you actually enjoy it.

Guess what? That wasnt the case. The women reported deriving more satisfaction from prayer, worship, and meditation than from watching television. But the average respondent spent more than five times as long watching television than engaging in spiritual activities that they actually said they enjoyed more.

This is a misalignment problem. Theres a way we want to spend our time, but we dont do that because we dont have the sense that time is short, time is precious. And the way to systematically raise the sense of urgency Buddhism calls it samvega, spiritual urgency is to bring the scarcity of time front and center in ones consciousness: I am going to die. This show is not going to go on forever. This is a party on death row.

So the approach here is to bring to the forefront of our consciousness how precious our time is, by impressing upon our minds how scarce it is. And that helps align our life with our values.

Are there other benefits to practicing mindfulness of death?

The second benefit is to live without fear of death for our own sake. That way, we dont engage in typical escape activities. And it frees up a lot of psychic energy. We have more peace, more ease in our lives.

The third benefit is to live without fear of death for the sake of our loved ones. We can support others in their dying process. Usually the challenge of supporting a loved one is that we have a sense of grief for losing them, but a lot of that grief is actually that its bringing up fear of our own mortality. So if we have made peace with our own mortality, we can be fully present and support them in their process, which can be a huge gift.

My mom passed away two years ago. And for me, having done all of these practices, I could be with her by her deathbed, holding her hand and supporting her so that she could have a peaceful transition. She didnt have to take care of me so much and console me. She could be at peace and take delight in this mysterious process that we just dont know what its like. It might be beautiful, might be graceful. We dont know there might be nothing; there might be something.

Now I feel sufficiently enticed to learn about the actual practices of mindfulness of death. Lets start with one that seems simple: the Five Daily Reflections, sometimes called the Five Remembrances, that are often recited in Buddhist circles. Would you mind reciting those?

Happy to. These are the Five Daily Reflections that the Buddha suggested people recite every day.

Just like everyone, I am of the nature to age. I have not gone beyond aging.

Just like everyone, I am of the nature to sicken. I have not gone beyond sickness.

Just like everyone, I am subjected to the results of my own actions. I am not free from these karmic effects.

Just like everyone, I am of the nature to die. I have not gone beyond dying.

Just like everyone, all that is mine, beloved and pleasing, will change, will become otherwise, will become separated from me.

Allow whatever arises to come up. Its okay. These contemplations can bring a lot up. So just be with them as much as possible.

Ive done these reflections before, but every time I do them, I notice that some are much harder for me to absorb than others. The fourth one Im of the nature to die does not terrify me. Maybe thats weird, but thats not the one that really scares me. The one that I find impossibly hard is the fifth one. Everyone that I love and everything that I love is of the nature to change and be separated from me.

Its really the death or the separation from the people I love that I find much harder to face than the death of myself. Because if Im going to die, you know, then Ill be gone. There wont be any me to miss things.

Yes. So appreciate and make space for the one that really touches you.

Also I would say that with the fourth one, making peace with our own death, Ive done the practice and sometimes Im like yeah, sure, whatever. And then Ive really stayed with it, and thought, This could be my last breath. When the practice really takes hold and becomes alight with fire, its like, Oh, my God, I am going to die! It really hits home.

Just to clarify, this is a separate mindfulness of death practice, where you contemplate with every breath, This could be my last inhale. This could be my last exhale.

Yes. And to bring the historical context into it: This particular teaching is whats called maranasati. Marana is death in Pali, the language of the Buddha. Sati is mindfulness. The mindfulness of death sutra, thats where the Buddha taught it, and its actually quite a lovely teaching.

The Buddha comes and asks the monks, How are you practicing mindfulness of death? And one of them says, Well, I think I could die in a fortnight, in a couple weeks. Another one of them says, Well, I think I could die in 24 hours. Or Well, I could die at the end of this meal. Or Well, I could die at the end of this bite of food Im eating. And another one says, Well, I could die at the end of this very breath.

And the Buddha says, Those of you who said, two weeks, 24 hours, whatever you are practicing heedlessly. Those who said right at this breath, you are practicing heedfully, correctly. That is the practice.

There are ways to really bring the sense of immediacy and urgency to all this. Its not out of the question that there could be an aneurysm or that a meteor could just hit the Earth in this moment. Use visualizations; be creative.

Another thing I find really helpful is remembering the idea of impermanence. Which, of course, is the theme of our whole conversation that our whole life is impermanent and thats a very central Buddhist teaching. But also any emotion that Im feeling is impermanent. So if Im feeling an intense surge of fear as I do a practice, thats impermanent, too.

Yeah, I love that. When I teach impermanence, there are little impermanences that come and go, and then there is the big impermanence, which is your life! Im chuckling because this is a case where impermanence is on your side. Impermanence is just a rule of how things run in this world. Its impersonal. Its just the way things are. But in our perspective, its either working for us or against us.

Can you tell me about another kind of contemplation the corpse contemplation or charnel ground contemplation? Charnel grounds are these places where, after people have died, their bodies are left to decay above ground, to rot in the open air. And Buddhist monks would go and observe them up close, right?

Many monks do that, especially in Asia. In order to become more intimate with a sense of mortality, the practice is to go to the charnel ground and to actually see a corpse. And the contemplation is: My body, this alive body, is just like this body that is decaying. Its in different stages of being a body, of decomposing.

A specific practice in the Buddhist canon is to contemplate a corpse in different stages of decay. This particular practice requires a sense of stability of mind. Do the other ones first. I only teach it on a retreat when theres a container of safety, holding people and supporting them through it.

I definitely have not yet worked myself up to doing corpse contemplation by looking at images of actual human corpses. But when I go for a walk, whenever I see a dead bird or squirrel or mouse thats been run over in the road, I actually pause and take a minute to look at it. Im trying to ease my way into this practice.

Brilliant. Similarly, another informal practice I wanted to share is having a memento mori. Like a little skull, or those bracelets that are all skulls. I just drew on a little Post-It a skull and bones, and posted it on my computer monitor, so I would remember: Life is short. Im going to die.

Ive had various memento moris on my desk throughout the years, and I invite people to have them. They dont have to be sophisticated. On a piece of paper, just write out, Life is short or You are going to die or Traveler, tread lightly. Whatever works for you to keep death in your perspective. And I think its good to switch memento moris around so that your mind doesnt get used to seeing the same thing all the time.

Im glad you brought this up because I was going to say the corpse contemplation reminds me a lot of that memento mori tradition, which is a centuries-long tradition in Christianity. So many different religious traditions have emphasized the importance of meditating on our death and have devised ways like the memento mori to try to keep forcing the ego to recognize its looming demise.

Yes. And I know that for me, I feel most alive and I feel happiest and I feel most connected with myself, when Im aware of my death. If it happens for a day or two that its not in the forefront for whatever reason, Im not as bright, as sharp, as alive. So I just love bringing it back. It enlivens me. It supports me to live more fully and hopefully die with more delight and joy and curiosity.

Im wondering if you can help me with something else. I mentioned earlier that Im not really scared of my own death so much, but I am scared of the death of the people I love. And especially during the pandemic, I think thats causing a lot of anxiety for me and probably a lot of others. Were scared about the potential death of our grandparents, our parents, our friends. Is there a way to free ourselves of the overwhelming fear of their death?

Grief is a natural part of the process. However, it is complicated by our own seen and unseen fear of death. So I invite you to actually work with the practice of making peace with your own death. Thats whats underlying it. Even if you think youre not afraid of your own death, you probably are.

When people are really at peace with their own passing, there is a different perspective. Theres a different way of being with the fear or sadness of losing others. There is still a pain of loss, but it shifts.

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Mindfulness of death: How to meditate on your mortality - Vox.com

Linda Chamberlain works just down the hallway from her husband. She walks past him every day. Occasionally she'll stop by to check in on him and say hello.

The only problem is, Fred Chamberlain has been dead for eight years. Shortly after he was pronounced legally dead from prostate cancer, Fred was cryopreserved -- his body was filled with a medical-grade antifreeze, cooled to minus 196 degrees Celsius and carefully lowered into a giant vat of liquid nitrogen.

So when Linda visits Fred, she talks to him through the insulated, stainless-steel wall of a 10-foot-tall preservation chamber. And he's not alone in there. Eight people reside in that massive cylinder along with him, and more than 170 are preserved in similar chambers in the same room. All of them elected to have their bodies stored in subzero temperatures, to await a future when they could be brought back to life. Cryonically preserved in the middle of the Arizona desert.

This story is part of Hacking the Apocalypse, CNET's documentary series on the tech saving us from the end of the world.

Linda Chamberlain is cheerful as she shows me her husband's perhaps-not-final resting place. She places her hand on the cool steel and gives it a loving pat. Being in a room with 170 dead people isn't morbid to her.

"It makes me feel happy," she says. "Because I know that they have the potential to be restored to life and health. And I have the potential of being with them again."

Alcor proclaims itself a world leader in cryonics, offering customers the chance to preserve their bodies indefinitely, until they can be restored to full health and function through medical discoveries that have yet to be made. For the low price of $220,000, Alcor is selling the chance to live a second life.

It's a slim chance.

Critics say cryonics is a pipe dream, no different from age-old chimeras like the fountain of youth. Scientists say there's no way to adequately preserve a human body or brain, and that the promise of bringing a dead brain back to life is thousands of years away.

But Alcor is still selling that chance. And ever since Linda and Fred Chamberlain founded the Alcor Life Extension Foundation back in 1972, Linda has watched Alcor's membership swell with more people wanting to take that chance. More than 1,300 people have now signed up to have their bodies sent to Alcor instead of the graveyard.

And when her time is up, Linda Chamberlain plans to join them.

Hacking the Apocalypseis CNET's new documentary series digging into the science and technology that could save us from the end of the world. You can check out our episodes onPandemic,Nuclear Winter,Global Drought,Tsunamis,CryonicsandEscaping the Planetand see the full series onYouTube.

Photographs of "patients" line the walls of Alcor's offices.

From the outside, Alcor's facilities don't look like the kind of place you'd come to live forever.

When I arrived at the company's headquarters, a nondescript office block in Scottsdale, Arizona, a short drive out of Phoenix, I expected something grander. After all, this is a place that's attempting to answer the question at the heart of human existence: Can we cheat death?

I've come here to find out why someone would choose cryonics. What drives someone to reject the natural order of life and death, and embrace an end that's seen by many, scientists and lay people alike, as the stuff of science fiction?

But after a short time at Alcor, I realize the true believers here don't see cryonics as a way to cheat death. They don't even see death as the end.

"Legal death only really means that your heart and your lungs have stopped functioning without intervention," Linda Chamberlain tells me. "It doesn't mean your cells are dead, it doesn't mean even your organs are dead."

Alcor refers to the people preserved in its facilities as "patients" for that very reason -- it doesn't consider them to be dead.

In Chamberlain's view, the idea of death as an "on-off switch" is outdated. People that died 100 years ago could well have been saved by modern medical interventions that we take for granted in the 21st century. So what about 100 years from now? Alcor hopes that by pressing pause on life, its patients might be revived when medical technology has improved.

"Our best estimates are that within 50 to 100 years, we will have the medical technologies needed to restore our patients to health and function," says Chamberlain.

We're killing people who could potentially be preserved. We're just throwing them in the ground so they can be eaten by worms and bacteria.

Alcor CEO Max More

Alcor CEO Max More agrees. In his view, cryonics is about giving people who die today a second chance. And he says our current views about death and burial are robbing people of a potential future.

"We're killing people who could potentially be preserved," More says. "We're just throwing them in the ground so they can be eaten by worms and bacteria, or we're burning them up. And to me, that's kind of crazy when we could give them a chance if they want it.

"If you think about life insurance, it's actually death insurance -- it pays out on death. This really is life insurance. It's a backup plan."

An early copy of Cryonics magazine sits in Alcor's offices, showing the inside of one of its preservation chambers.

Alcor hasn't exactly mapped out how its patients will be brought back to full function and health, or what revival technologies the future will bring. Its website speaks about the possibility of molecular nanotechnology -- that is, using microscopic nano-robots to "replace old damaged chromosomes with new ones in every cell."

But that level of cellular regeneration isn't something Alcor is working on. The company is in the business of selling preservation, but it's not developing the technologies for restoration. In fact, no one currently working at Alcor is likely to be responsible for reviving patients. That responsibility will be handed on to the next generation (and potentially many more generations after that) -- scientists of some undetermined time in the future, who will have developed the technology necessary to reverse the work that Alcor is doing now. It seems like a convenient gap for cryonics: Sell the promise in the present without the burden of proving the end result.

Our goal is to have reversible suspended animation, just like in the movies. We want it to be that perfect.

Alcor founder Linda Chamberlain

Chamberlain herself admits the future is ultimately unclear and that they "don't know how powerful the revival technologies are going to be." But she does know the end result Alcor is aiming for.

"Our goal is to have reversible suspended animation, just like in the movies," she says. "We want it to be that perfect. We're not there yet, but we're always working on improving our techniques."

The science behind cryonics is unproven. The procedures are highly experimental. No human -- specifically, no human brain -- has been brought back from death or from a state of postmortem preservation. Alcor points to research in worms and the organs of small mammals that it says indicates the potential for cryonics. There are famous names associated with the movement (Alcor admits famed baseballer Ted Williams is a patient), but there aren't exactly any human success stories who've awoken from cryonic preservation to hit the motivational speaking circuit.

James Bedford, the first man to enter cryonic suspension, according to Alcor. Bedford was preserved in a "cryocapsule" in 1967 (five years before Alcor was founded), before being transferred into Alcor's facilities in 1991.

Even More isn't making any promises. He acknowledges that the company may not even exist when it comes time for its patients to wake up.

"There are no guarantees," he says. "We're not promising to bring you back on May 27th, 2082, or whatever. We don't know officially this will work. We don't know for sure that the organization [Alcor] will survive... We don't know if an asteroid will land on us. There's no guarantees. But it's a shot. It's an opportunity. And it just seems to be better than the alternative."

The way the Alcor team sees it, you have a better chance of waking up from here than you do if you're sent to the crematorium.

One of the central questions of cryonics is how you preserve a dead body if you hope to revive it.

Even if they don't know exactly when or how patients will be brought back, the team at Alcor knows one thing is vital: They need to preserve as much of the brain and body as perfectly as possible.

While they may be clinically dead when they arrive in the operating room, Alcor's "patients" are intubated and kept on ice while a mechanical thumper (shown here on a dummy) keeps blood flowing around the body, all in a bid to preserve the body as thoroughly as possible.

That life-saving mortuary practice takes place inside Alcor's operating room -- a sort of hospital-meets-morgue where the organization prepares bodies for "long-term care."

When patients come through the doors at Alcor, they've already been pronounced legally dead. Ideally, they haven't had to travel far to get here and they've had their body put on ice as soon as possible after clinical death. According to Chamberlain, that hypothermia is vital for "slowing down the dying process." I didn't think I'd hear someone say that about a dead person.

During the first stages of cryonic preservation, bodies are "perfused" with a medical-grade antifreeze, all in a bid to prevent ice crystals forming. From here, the body vitrifies, rather than freezing.

(I also didn't expect to see a dead person in the operating room. At least, that's what I thought when I saw a human dummy waiting in the ice bath by the door. One of Alcor's employees picked up the dummy's hand to wave at me and I genuinely think that moment shortened my life span by two years.)

The ice bath is the first step in the preservation process, and it's here where the patient is placed in a kind of post-death life support. Drugs are administered to slow down metabolic processes, the body is intubated to maintain oxygen levels, and a mechanical thumper pumps the heart to ensure blood keeps flowing around the body.

The team then prepares the body to be cooled down to its permanent storage temperature. The blood is replaced with cryoprotectant (think of it like medical-grade antifreeze), which is pumped through the veins, all in a bid to (surprisingly) prevent the body freezing.

Freezing might sound like the natural end goal of cryopreservation, but it's actually incredibly damaging. Our bodies are made up of about 50 to 60% water, and when this water starts to freeze, it forms ice crystals which damage the body's organs and veins.

But if that water is replaced with cryoprotectant, Alcor says it can slowly reduce temperatures so the body vitrifies -- turning into a kind of glass-like state, rather than freezing. From here, the body is placed in a giant stainless steel chamber, known as a dewar. And Alcor says a cryopreserved body can be stored in this "long-term care" for decades.

I missed something when I first walked into the operating room. At the back, behind the ice bath and medical instruments (including surgical scissors and, chillingly, unexplained saws), there's a clear box, about the size of a milk crate, with a circular metal ring clamped inside.

It's a box for human heads.

This is designed for patients who've elected to preserve their head only, removed from the body from the collarbone up. These preserved heads are referred to as "neuro patients."

This small perspex box in the Alcor operating room is used to clamp human heads in place for cryopreservation.

If putting my whole body on ice was a bridge too far, then cutting off and preserving my head is beyond anything I can fathom. But it's a choice some of Alcor's patients make. The neuro patients are stored in small, barrel-sized vats while they wait for long-term care. The moment I lifted the lid on one of these vats -- nitrogen gas billowing out, human head obscured just inches below -- will stay with me forever.

Each preservation chamber can hold four bodies (positioned with the head at the bottom, to keep the brain as cool as possible) and five "neuro patients" stacked down the center.

It's cheaper if you elect to preserve just your head. Alcor charges only $80,000 for the head, compared with $220,000 for the full body. But there are also pragmatic reasons for choosing this more selective form of cryonic preservation.

When Alcor cryopreserves a body, the main priority is to preserve the brain and cause as little damage as possible. After all, the brain is not only the center of cognitive function, but also long-term memory. Essentially everything that makes you who you are.

You might be attached to your body now (both figuratively and literally), but many people at Alcor believe that, by the time medical science has advanced enough to bring a person back to life, their full body won't be needed. Whether you're regenerating a human body from DNA found in the head or uploading a person's consciousness to a new physical body, if we reach a point where cryonic preservation can be reversed, potentially hundreds of years in the future, your 20th or 21st century body will be outdated hardware.

That's certainly a view Linda Chamberlain takes. When she goes, only her head will stay.

"There's a lot of DNA in all that tissue and material," she says of the human head. "A new body can be grown for you from your own DNA. It's just a new, beautiful body that hasn't aged and hasn't had damage from disease."

In fact, when Chamberlain thinks of her future body, she doesn't want to limit herself to the kind of human form she has now.

"I hope that I won't have a biological body, but I'll have a body made out of nanobots," she tells me. "I can be as beautiful as I want to be. I won't be old anymore."

I hope that I won't have a biological body, but I'll have a body made out of nanobots.

Alcor founder Linda Chamberlain

I tell her she's already beautiful. She laughs.

"But if you have a nanobot swarm, it can reconfigure itself any way you want!" she replies, completely serious. "If I want to go swimming in the ocean, I have to worry about sharks. But after I have my nanobots body, if I want to go swimming in the ocean, I can just reconfigure myself to be like an orca, a killer whale. And then the sharks have to look out for me."

Waking up 100 years from now as a fully reconfigurable, shark-hunting nanobot orca sounds like fun.

But this kind of future is possible only if the process of going into cryonic preservation doesn't damage your brain. The brain is a staggeringly complex organ, and storing it at subzero temperatures for decades at a time has the potential to cause serious cellular damage.

And according to some scientists, that's the main issue with cryonics. Before you even get to the issue of reanimation, they say, cryonics doesn't come close to delivering on the promise of preservation.

Surgical instruments in Alcor's operating room.

Neuroscientist Ken Hayworth is one expert who's highly skeptical. Hayworth isn't opposed to preservation -- he was a member of Alcor before he left to found the Brain Preservation Foundation with the goal of building dialogue between cryonicists and the broader scientific community. He wants brain preservation to be a respected field of scientific study. And in 2010, he laid down a challenge to help build that credibility.

"[We] put out a very concrete challenge that said, 'Hey, cryonics community, prove to us that you can at least preserve those structures of the brain that neuroscience knows are critical to long-term memory, meaning the synaptic connectivity of the brain," he says.

"The cryonics community, unfortunately, has not met the bare minimum requirements of that prize."

Hayworth says he's seen examples of animal brains preserved using techniques very similar to what cryonics companies say they use, but the samples showed a significant number of dead cells.

"I take that to mean that there was probably a lot of damage to those structures that encode memory," he says. "It was like, 'We're looking at something that doesn't look right at all.'"

We're looking at something that doesn't look right at all.

Ken Hayworth

However, Hayworth has seen a technique that successfully preserved a brain so well that it was awarded the Brain Preservation Prizeby his foundation. This prize recognized a team of researchers for preserving synapses across the whole brain of a pig. But the technique, known as "aldehyde stabilized cryopreservation," has two limitations that differ from the promise of cryonics. Firstly, it requires the brain to be filled with gluteraldehyde, a kind of embalming fluid, which means the brain can never be revived. And secondly? It's a lethal process that needs to be conducted while a mammal is living.

"It almost instantly glues together all the proteins in the brain," says Hayworth. "Now you're as dead as a rock at that point. You ain't coming back. But the advantage of that is it glues all of them in position, it doesn't destroy information."

Retaining that information is vital because, according to Hayworth, it could allow you to re-create a person's mind in the future. Forget transplanting your head onto a new body. Hayworth says the information from a preserved brain could potentially be scanned and uploaded into another space, such as a computer, allowing you to live on as a simulation.

You might not be a walking, talking human like you once were. But, in Hayworth's view, that's not the only way to live again.

"I think there's plenty of reason to suspect that future technologies will be able to bring somebody back -- future technologies like brain scanning, and mind uploading and brain simulation."

Being preserved long enough (and well enough) that you can live on as a simulation may be one of the end goals that cryonicists hope to achieve.

But there are plenty of critics who say we won't reach that point anytime soon. They say there's no way to know whether cryonics adequately preserves the brain, because we don't fully understand how the mind works, let alone how to physically preserve its complexity.

Ken Miller is a professor of neuroscience and co-director of the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at Columbia University in New York. He's spent his life trying to understand the complexity of the human brain.

"Some people say [the brain] is the most complicated thing in the universe," says Miller.

"The most basic answer to how the brain works is, we don't know. We know how a lot of pieces work ... but we're very far from understanding the system."

It's at least thousands of years before we would know and really understand how the brain works.

Ken Miller

According to Miller, while we know a lot about parts of the brain -- how the neurons function, how electrical signals travel to the brain -- the complete picture is still a mystery.

"In my opinion, it's at least thousands of years before we would know and really understand how the brain works to the point where you could take all the pieces ... and put it back together and make a mind out of it," says Miller.

"It's just the complexity. Levels and levels and levels and levels -- it's beyond the imagination."

And what if we reach that point? What if, a thousand years from now, science was capable of restoring my cryonically preserved brain and uploading it to some kind of simulator -- would I still be me?

Sitting in his office, I put the question to Miller. And in the kind of meta way that I've realized is normal when speaking to a professor of theoretical neuroscience, I see the cogs of his mind working. His brain, thinking about another brain, living on as a simulated brain. My brain is melting.

"I think so, but it's a funny question," he says. "Because of course, if it was all information that you got up into a computer... making something feel like Claire, we could have a million of them on a million different machines. And each of them would feel like Claire.

"But immediately, just like twins -- immediately, identical twins start having divergent experiences and becoming different people. And so all the different Claires would immediately start having different experiences and becoming different Claires."

Back in Arizona, with the vision of a million computerized versions of myself enslaving the human race far from my mind, the promise of cryonics still feels like a dream.

I'm walking through the long-term care room as waterfalls of fog cascade from the cryonic chambers. These dewars need to be regularly refilled with liquid nitrogen to make sure patients stay at the perfect temperature, and today's the day they're getting topped up.

As I slowly step through the fog, stainless steel chambers loom large around me. Visibility drops, so I can barely see my outstretched hand in front of my face. For just the tiniest moment, as my feet disappear beneath me and I'm surrounded by reflections on reflections of white vapor, I lose my bearings. I feel like I'm having an out-of-body experience.

Walking through Alcor's long-term preservation room is a surreal experience.

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Cryonics, brain preservation and the weird science of cheating death - CNET

The global Cryogenics Equipment market focuses on encompassing major statistical evidence for the Cryogenics Equipment industry as it offers our readers a value addition on guiding them in encountering the obstacles surrounding the market. A comprehensive addition of several factors such as global distribution, manufacturers, market size, and market factors that affect the global contributions are reported in the study. In addition the Cryogenics Equipment study also shifts its attention with an in-depth competitive landscape, defined growth opportunities, market share coupled with product type and applications, key companies responsible for the production, and utilized strategies are also marked.

This intelligence and 2026 forecasts Cryogenics Equipment industry report further exhibits a pattern of analyzing previous data sources gathered from reliable sources and sets a precedented growth trajectory for the Cryogenics Equipment market. The report also focuses on a comprehensive market revenue streams along with growth patterns, analytics focused on market trends, and the overall volume of the market.

Download PDF Sample of Cryogenics Equipment Market report @ https://hongchunresearch.com/request-a-sample/17504

The study covers the following key players:Beijing TianhaiCryoquipCryofabJSC CryogenmashEleet cryogenics

Moreover, the Cryogenics Equipment report describes the market division based on various parameters and attributes that are based on geographical distribution, product types, applications, etc. The market segmentation clarifies further regional distribution for the Cryogenics Equipment market, business trends, potential revenue sources, and upcoming market opportunities.

Market segment by type, the Cryogenics Equipment market can be split into,Cryogenic TanksCryogenic ValveCryogenic Vaporizer

Market segment by applications, the Cryogenics Equipment market can be split into,Energy and PowerChemicalsMetallurgy

The Cryogenics Equipment market study further highlights the segmentation of the Cryogenics Equipment industry on a global distribution. The report focuses on regions of North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World in terms of developing business trends, preferred market channels, investment feasibility, long term investments, and environmental analysis. The Cryogenics Equipment report also calls attention to investigate product capacity, product price, profit streams, supply to demand ratio, production and market growth rate, and a projected growth forecast.

In addition, the Cryogenics Equipment market study also covers several factors such as market status, key market trends, growth forecast, and growth opportunities. Furthermore, we analyze the challenges faced by the Cryogenics Equipment market in terms of global and regional basis. The study also encompasses a number of opportunities and emerging trends which are considered by considering their impact on the global scale in acquiring a majority of the market share.

The study encompasses a variety of analytical resources such as SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces analysis coupled with primary and secondary research methodologies. It covers all the bases surrounding the Cryogenics Equipment industry as it explores the competitive nature of the market complete with a regional analysis.

Brief about Cryogenics Equipment Market Report with [emailprotected] https://hongchunresearch.com/report/cryogenics-equipment-market-17504

Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Cryogenics Equipment Market Overview

Chapter Two: Global Cryogenics Equipment Market Landscape by Player

Chapter Three: Players Profiles

Chapter Four: Global Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter Five: Global Cryogenics Equipment Market Analysis by Application

Chapter Six: Global Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2014-2019)

Chapter Seven: Global Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2014-2019)

Chapter Eight: Cryogenics Equipment Manufacturing Analysis

Chapter Nine: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter Ten: Market Dynamics

Chapter Eleven: Global Cryogenics Equipment Market Forecast (2019-2026)

Chapter Twelve: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter Thirteen: Appendix continued

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List of tablesList of Tables and FiguresFigure Cryogenics Equipment Product PictureTable Global Cryogenics Equipment Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by TypeTable Profile of Cryogenic TanksTable Profile of Cryogenic ValveTable Profile of Cryogenic VaporizerTable Cryogenics Equipment Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2014-2026)Table Profile of Energy and PowerTable Profile of ChemicalsTable Profile of MetallurgyFigure Global Cryogenics Equipment Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) (2014-2026)Figure United States Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Europe Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Germany Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure UK Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure France Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Italy Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Spain Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Russia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Poland Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure China Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Japan Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure India Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Southeast Asia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Malaysia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Singapore Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Philippines Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Indonesia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Thailand Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Vietnam Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Central and South America Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Brazil Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Mexico Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Colombia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Middle East and Africa Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Saudi Arabia Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure United Arab Emirates Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Turkey Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Egypt Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure South Africa Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Nigeria Cryogenics Equipment Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Status and Outlook (2014-2026)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Production by Player (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Share by Player (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Share by Player in 2018Table Cryogenics Equipment Revenue by Player (2014-2019)Table Cryogenics Equipment Revenue Market Share by Player (2014-2019)Table Cryogenics Equipment Price by Player (2014-2019)Table Cryogenics Equipment Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area by PlayerTable Cryogenics Equipment Product Type by PlayerTable Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion PlansTable Beijing Tianhai ProfileTable Beijing Tianhai Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)Table Cryoquip ProfileTable Cryoquip Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)Table Cryofab ProfileTable Cryofab Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)Table JSC Cryogenmash ProfileTable JSC Cryogenmash Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)Table Eleet cryogenics ProfileTable Eleet cryogenics Cryogenics Equipment Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Production by Type (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Market Share by Type in 2018Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Revenue by Type (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018Table Cryogenics Equipment Price by Type (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Growth Rate of Cryogenic Tanks (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Growth Rate of Cryogenic Valve (2014-2019)Figure Global Cryogenics Equipment Production Growth Rate of Cryogenic Vaporizer (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption by Application (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption of Energy and Power (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption of Chemicals (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption of Metallurgy (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption by Region (2014-2019)Table Global Cryogenics Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2014-2019)Table United States Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table Europe Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table China Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table Japan Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table India Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table Southeast Asia Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)Table Central and South America Cryogenics Equipment Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019)continued

About HongChun Research:HongChun Research main aim is to assist our clients in order to give a detailed perspective on the current market trends and build long-lasting connections with our clientele. Our studies are designed to provide solid quantitative facts combined with strategic industrial insights that are acquired from proprietary sources and an in-house model.

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Cryogenics Equipment Market Emerging Trends, Business Opportunities, Segmentation, Production Values, Supply-Demand, Brand Shares and Forecast...

Cryogenics Equipment Market Forecast 2020-2026

The Global Cryogenics Equipment Market research report provides and in-depth analysis on industry- and economy-wide database for business management that could potentially offer development and profitability for players in this market. This is a latest report, covering the current COVID-19 impact on the market. The pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected every aspect of life globally. This has brought along several changes in market conditions. The rapidly changing market scenario and initial and future assessment of the impact is covered in the report. It offers critical information pertaining to the current and future growth of the market. It focuses on technologies, volume, and materials in, and in-depth analysis of the market. The study has a section dedicated for profiling key companies in the market along with the market shares they hold.

The report consists of trends that are anticipated to impact the growth of the Cryogenics Equipment Market during the forecast period between 2020 and 2026. Evaluation of these trends is included in the report, along with their product innovations.

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The Report Covers the Following Companies:CryofabBeijing TianhaiCryoquipEleet cryogenicsJSC Cryogenmash

By Types:Cryogenic TanksCryogenic ValveCryogenic VaporizerCryogenic PumpOther

By Applications:Energy & PowerChemicalsMetallurgyElectronicsShippingOther

Furthermore, the report includes growth rate of the global market, consumption tables, facts, figures, and statistics of key segments.

By Regions:

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Years Considered to Estimate the Market Size:History Year: 2015-2019Base Year: 2019Estimated Year: 2020Forecast Year: 2020-2026

Important Facts about Cryogenics Equipment Market Report:

What Our Report Offers:

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About Industrygrowthinsights:Industrygrowthinsights has set its benchmark in the market research industry by providing syndicated and customized research report to the clients. The database of the company is updated on a daily basis to prompt the clients with the latest trends and in-depth analysis of the industry. Our pool of database contains various industry verticals that include: IT & Telecom, Food Beverage, Automotive, Healthcare, Chemicals and Energy, Consumer foods, Food and beverages, and many more. Each and every report goes through the proper research methodology, validated from the professionals and analysts to ensure the eminent quality reports.

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Provided by CNET CNET's new video series looks at how to survive the end of the world. Rob Rodriguez/CNET

Can a missile bunker protect you from a nuclear blast? Can an escape pod save you from a megatsunami? Could we put our bodies into cryosleep to avoid the apocalypse altogether?

Hacking the Apocalypse host, Claire Reilly, outside the Survival Condo nuclear bunker in Kansas.

From July 6, CNET is bringing you Hacking the Apocalypse, a new six-part series looking at high-tech solutions to escape the end of the world.

In each episode, I take you to meet everyone from preppers to pandemic experts, and I'll road test some fascinating tech that could save the world. Plus, you can check out the accompanying stories, covering what you need to know about the end of the world.

The six-part series launches onCNET's YouTube Channelon Monday, July 6, with a new episode every day.

You can also watch the full series on CNET from July 6. Check out ourHacking the Apocalypselanding page to see all the episodes and take a deep dive into each ep with stories and behind-the-scenes galleries. And read on to see the full series rundown below.

You can also watch Hacking the Apocalypse on the CNET channel onPluto TV, channel 684.

When we first started filming Hacking the Apocalypse, long before the coronavirus pandemic, I asked one of the world's top health experts whether a "mutant bat influenza" could catch us off-guard. Little did we know how prophetic that moment would be. The experts warned us, and they were right. In 2020, we've faced a once-in-a-century pandemic and seen what happens when a global health emergency plays out in real time.

For our first episode in this series, we visit the Mutter Museum in Philadelphia to learn about the last major pandemic we faced (it wasn't pretty) and speak to the leading public health experts at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security about how we battle a pandemic in the 21st century.

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Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Tsunami on July 8.

If the end of the world is coming, could we cheat death by putting our bodies into stasis? To answer that question, we visit the facilities of the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, a company promising a second life in the future through the power of cryonics. Delving into the murky world of cryonics is fascinating (and a little haunting). While the hope of escaping death might sound promising, the scientific proof leaves a lot to be desired.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Cryonics on July 9.

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If the s--- really hits the fan, could we just bypass the apocalypse and escape the planet altogether? In our final episode of Hacking the Apocalypse, we visit NASA and learn about the space agency's bid to get humans back on the moon and on to Mars. And to get a sense of what life will look like once we've become a multi-planetary species, we talk to the team behind Marsha, a 3D-printed Mars habitat that could be our new home on the red planet.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Escape the Planet on July 10.

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Hacking the Apocalypse: Your new guide to surviving the end of the world - MSN Money