Category Archives: Biochemistry

University Relations

Shannon Servoss, associate professor of chemical engineering, and Suresh Thallapuranam, professor of biochemistry, will serve as co-directors of undergraduate research.

During the summer months, theOffice of Research and Innovation conducted an internal search to fill the position of an undergraduate research director. Out of the candidate pool, two UofA professors impressed the panel with their career experience and passion for working with undergraduate students. Shannon Servoss, associate professor of chemical engineering, and Suresh Thallapuranam, professor of biochemistry, were offered appointments as co-directors of undergraduate research and both agreed to share the title and responsibilities thereof.

The duties of this position entail supporting undergraduate research and creative activities across academic disciplines. The two professors will report to Wesley Stites, associate vice chancellor for research and innovation. They will coordinate withHonors College and the Office of Research and Innovation to fulfill their mission. Tasks vary from year to year. For the 2020-2021 academic school year, duties will include relaunching the undergraduate research journal, Inquiry, engaging in conversations with colleges and departments to encourage research activity among non-Honors students, and gathering regular feedback from undergraduate participants and faculty mentors about how to maintain and improve programs.

We are thrilled to have Professors Servoss and Thallapuranam to take the leadership role for UAs Undergraduate Research Office, Vice Chancellor Daniel Sui said. As research increasingly becomes an integral part of the experiential learning experience for undergraduates worldwide, I am confident Professors Servoss and Thallapuranam will work with the rest of the faculty on campus to bring UAs undergraduate research to a new level of excellence in the coming years.

Servoss and Thallapuranam will also oversee the implementation of improvements in student programs and routinely assess their effectiveness. They will also frequently communicate with theOffice for Student Success and offices of undergraduate research at peer institutions. Another item in their interest is to develop zero credit hour courses related to research methods and ethics for students not enrolled in the Honors College. The co-directors will also work with research administration staff in the tracking and tracing of funding and expenditures which support research activities at the undergraduate level.

With theI3R Initiative on the horizon, there is an enormous opportunity for expanding undergraduate research at the UofA. The new co-directors of undergraduate research are excited to continue sparking innovation and encouraging collaboration among the student body.

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Servoss and Thallapuranam to Jointly Serve as Co-Directors of Undergraduate Research - University of Arkansas Newswire

A new anti-microbial film has been launched in the UK that can remove 99.9% of deadly infectious diseases like E.coli and MRSA.

FREMONT, CA: The COVID-19 pandemic has made the situation crucial due to which the aviation industry is also trying to apply severe cleaning measures so that it can protect its passengers and employees. During such critical condition, a new anti-microbial film has been launched in the UK that can remove 99.9 percent of deadly infectious diseases like E.coli and MRSA according to biochemical tests conducted by BioLabs.

As per GlobeAir, around 700 touchpoints are endangering passengers to the risk of getting contaminated on a single commercial flight. According to Protective Film Solutions, the distributor and installer of the SafeTouch film, the airports and airlines which has high-traffic areas typically and numerous touchpoints like screens, handrails, and handles must install the clear film. Such films are made from over 60 percent anti-microbial copper to eradicate deadly germs.

The pioneering film that is presently being trialed by one of the prominent supermarket chains has been tested and certified by biochemistry laboratory BioLabs. It has confirmed that the product can kill 99.86 percent of Escherichia coli and 99.85 percent of MRSA. Therefore, the tests on its ability to slow down the spread of COVID-19 will start when permission for non-vaccine trials are given.

Chris Gould, Commercial Director of Protective Film Solutions, commented, following the impact of COVID-19, we all expect businesses and public sector professionals to treat hygiene with the utmost importance for the sake of public health.

SafeTouch is undoubtedly a game-changing solution for airports and airlines, and indeed almost any industry looking to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses be it for patients, customers or employees. We are pleased to be able to bring the film to the UK market and hope to see it adopted by those with high turnovers of people such as retailers, fast food outlets, medical centres and the aviation industry.

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Safeguard to Prevent Passengers from Catching Infectious Diseases - Healthcare Tech Outlook

Media Advisory

Thursday, September 24, 2020

New findings by scientists at the National Institutes of Health and their collaborators help explain why some people with COVID-19 develop severe disease. The findings also may provide the first molecular explanation for why more men than women die from COVID-19.

The researchers found that more than 10% of people who develop severe COVID-19 have misguided antibodiesautoantibodiesthat attack the immune system rather than the virus that causes the disease. Another 3.5% or more of people who develop severe COVID-19 carry a specific kind of genetic mutation that impacts immunity. Consequently, both groups lack effective immune responses that depend on type I interferon, a set of 17 proteins crucial for protecting cells and the body from viruses. Whether these proteins have been neutralized by autoantibodies orbecause of a faulty genewere produced in insufficient amounts or induced an inadequate antiviral response, their absence appears to be a commonality among a subgroup of people who suffer from life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia.

These findings are the first published results from the COVID Human Genetic Effort, an international project spanning more than 50 genetic sequencing hubs and hundreds of hospitals. The effort is co-led by Helen Su, M.D., Ph.D., a senior investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH; and Jean-Laurent Casanova, M.D., Ph.D., head of the St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases at The Rockefeller University in New York. Major contributions were made by Luigi Notarangelo, M.D., chief of the NIAID Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM); Steven Holland, M.D., director of the NIAID Division of Intramural Research and senior investigator in the NIAID LCIM; clinicians and investigators in hospitals in the Italian cities of Brescia, Monza and Pavia, which were heavily hit by COVID-19; and researchers at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.

The wide variation in the severity of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind COVID-19, has puzzled scientists and clinicians. SARS-CoV-2 can cause anything from a symptom-free infection to death, with many different outcomes in between. Since February 2020, Drs. Su and Casanova and their collaborators have enrolled thousands of COVID-19 patients to find out whether a genetic factor drives these disparate clinical outcomes.

The researchers discovered that among nearly 660 people with severe COVID-19, a significant number carried rare genetic variants in 13 genes known to be critical in the bodys defense against influenza virus, and more than 3.5% were completely missing a functioning gene. Further experiments showed that immune cells from those 3.5% did not produce any detectable type I interferons in response to SARS-CoV-2.

Examining nearly 1,000 patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia, the researchers also found that more than 10% had autoantibodies against interferons at the onset of their infection, and 95% of those patients were men. Biochemical experiments confirmed that the autoantibodies block the activity of interferon type I.

Q Zhang et al. Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4570 (2020).

P Bastard et al. Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4585 (2020).

NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., NIAID Senior Investigator Helen C. Su, M.D., Ph.D., and Luigi Notarangelo, M.D., chief of the NIAID Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, are available for interviews.

To schedule interviews, please contact NIAID Office of Communications, (301) 402-1663, NIAIDNews@niaid.nih.gov.

NIAID conducts and supports research at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID website.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

NIHTurning Discovery Into Health

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Excerpt from:
Scientists discover genetic and immunologic underpinnings of some cases of severe COVID-19 - National Institutes of Health

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Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market | Global Industry Analysis By Trends, Size, Share, Company Overview, Growth And Forecast By 2026 - The Daily...

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The consumption of raw carrots triggers allergic reactions in many people. Contrary to popular belief, cooked carrots can also have this effect. This was recently discovered by a research team at the University of Bayreuth. The carrot's allergen, Dau c 1, assumes a structure that is harmless to allergy sufferers when highly heated. However, as soon as the temperature drops, it largely regains its natural structure. The researchers present their study in the journal "Molecular Nutrition & Food Research".

"The results of our research clearly suggest that sufferers who are sensitive to the carrot allergen should generally avoid eating carrots. Heating carrots does not destroy or only incompletely destroys the protein structures that can cause allergic reactions ", says Prof. Dr. Birgitta Whrl from the Biochemistry IV research group at the University of Bayreuth. "The risk of allergy patients developing an allergic reaction arises not only when eating freshly cooked carrots or canned carrots. It also arises when carrot extract is added to food," adds Thessa Jacob M.Sc., first author of the study and PhD student at the Biochemistry IV research group.

The natural carrot allergen Dau c 1 is actually a mixture of several, structurally very similar proteins. These so-called isoallergens were produced individually in the laboratory in bacteria. Both the protein mixture of the natural Dau c 1 and the individual isoallergens were examined at temperatures up to 95 degrees Celsius to see how their structures change upon increasing and decreasing the temperature. This analysis showed that the natural mixture and almost all isoallergens are still capable of causing allergies after cooling down to 25 degrees Celsius. Despite the previous heating, antibodies present in the organism of allergy patients will still trigger allergic reactions. Although in some cases this effect is less pronounced than before heating, it is generally maintained.

"This is the first time that the Dau c 1 isoallergens have been subjected to such an extensive series of tests. The separate examination of the structurally similar molecules was particularly important to us in order to determine which of the isoallergens trigger immune reactions under the tested conditions," says Thessa Jacob M.Sc.

The tests clearly showed that the structural stability of the carrot allergen does not depend on temperature alone. Acidity, as expressed by the pH value, is also important. Of particular interest is pH value 3, which typically prevails in the stomach after food intake. At this level of acidity and at normal room temperature, at least some epitopes can continue to exist despite previous heating. Epitopes are those molecular substructures by which the immune system of allergy sufferers recognises the respective allergen, allowing an allergic reaction to occur.

In their structural investigations of the Dau c 1 isoallergens, the researchers mainly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and CD spectroscopy in laboratories on the Bayreuth campus. For other analytical procedures, they received support from the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Langen and from Nano Temper Technologies in Munich.

Publication:Thessa Jacob et al.: Food Processing Does Not Abolish the Allergenicity of the Carrot Allergen Dau c 1: Influence of pH, Temperature, and the Food Matrix. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2020), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000334

For more information:Thessa Jacob M.Sc.Biochemistry IV - BiopolymersUniversity of BayreuthPhone: +49 (0)921 55 3869E-mail: thessa.jacob@uni-bayreuth.dewww.uni-bayreuth.de/en

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"Even cooked carrots can trigger allergic reactions" - hortidaily.com