Category Archives: Biochemistry

If youre preparing for theMedical College Admission Test(MCAT),you will want to consult the experts. These selections from Kaplans MCATQuestion of the Day seriescan help you sharpen your skills as you prepare to begin your potential journey into medical training.

The questions below come from three of the four MCAT sectionsbiological and biochemical foundations of living systems; chemical and physical foundations of biological systems; and psychological, social, and biological foundations of behavior. A fourth section, critical analysis and reasoning skills (commonly referred to as CARS), is based largely on inference.

Medicine can be a career that is both challenging and highly rewarding but figuring out a medical schools prerequisites and navigating the application process can be a challenge unto itself. For students preparing for the medical school, theAMA premed glossary guidehas the answers to frequently asked questions.

For those already in medical school, the AMA selected Kaplan as apreferred providerto support you in reaching your goal of passing the USMLEor COMLEX-USA.AMA members can save 30% on access to additional study resources, such as KaplansQbankand High-yield courses.

Section: Biological and biochemical foundations of living systems

Question: What role does peptidyl transferase play in protein synthesis?

A. It transports the initiator aminoacyl-tRNA complex.

B. It helps the ribosome to advance three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5 to 3 direction.

C. It holds the proteins in its tertiary structure.

D. It catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond.

The correct answer is D.

Kaplan explains why: Peptidyl transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the incoming amino acid in the A site and the growing polypeptide chain in the P site. Initiation and elongation factors help transport charged tRNA molecules into the ribosome and advance the ribosome down the mRNA transcript, as in choices (A) and (B). Chaperones maintain a proteins three-dimensional shape as it is formed, as in choice (C).

Section: Chemical and physical foundations of biological systems

Question: The bodys pH is tightly regulated because specific enzymes function best within a narrow pH range. What is the approximate pH of a 1.2 105 M aqueous solution of NaOH?

A. 4.92.

B. 7.5.

C. 9.08.

D. 12.45.

The correct answer is C.

Kaplan explains why: NaOH is a strong base; as such, there will be 1.2 105 M OH in solution. Based on this information alone, the pOH must be between 4 and 5, and the pH must be between 9 and 10. Using the shortcut, pOH 5 0.12 = 4.88. pH = 14 pOH = 9.12 (actual = 9.08).

Section: Psychological, social and biological foundations of behavior

Question: A woman notices that her father has started to move his fingers in such a way that it looks like he is rolling something, despite nothing actually being there. She also notes slowed movement and a shuffling gait. Which neurotransmitter is likely to be present in decreased levels in her fathers brain?

A. Epinephrine.

B. Histamine.

C. Dopamine.

D. Serotonin.

The correct answer is C.

Kaplan explains why: The symptoms indicate that the womans father likely has Parkinsons disease. This disease is caused by decreased dopamine production in the substantia nigra

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February 2021: Kaplan MCAT stumpers put premeds to the test - American Medical Association

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Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras claim to have found a novel way to make HIV/AIDS drugs more effective. The findings of their study, published in Biochemistry, the peer-review Journal of the American Chemical Society, say that introducing electrostatic interaction sites on potential drug molecules can enhance the efficacy of the antiviral drug against the HIV virus. The research was led by Prof. Sanjib Senapati, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, along with research scholars Mohammed Ahsan and Chinmai Pindi.

"Current inhibitors (molecules that bind with the enzyme, thereby making it unavailable to the virus for growth and maturation) that target HIV-1 protease (HIVPR, an essential enzyme that is used by the AIDS virus for growth and maturation), make use of the weak forces of attraction called 'van der Waal's forces' to attach themselves to the protease molecule. Given that these forces are weak, the efficacy of the drug is variable and the virus will soon become resistant to them," Prof. Senapati, says.

The Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies conducted by IIT Madras researchers showed the presence of a strong and asymmetrical electric charge in the active site of the HIVPR. If a drug molecule can be designed with a complementary charge, so that it can bind tightly with this active site through electrostatic attraction, it can permanently deactivate/inhibit the enzyme, they felt.

"Current drugs lack this electrostatic complementarity. This must be investigated because it is well-known that electrostatic forces between molecules are much stronger than van der Waals forces," Prof. Senapati said.

The researchers propose that drug design strategies should embrace both electrostatics and van der Waals interactions to complement the HIVPR active site architecture. Further, the team believes that such compounds will be effective against both wild-type and resistant HIV variants. According to them, it is a paradigm-shifting idea and will offer a whole new approach to the development of drugs for HIV-AIDS.

Prof. Chandra Verma, who has a Ph.D. from Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, and is not involved in this IIT Madras Research, predicts a bright future for HIV drug development, with such knowledge base.

AIDS is one of the most devastating diseases and is a major cause of death among youth in many parts of the world. Since its outbreak nearly four decades ago, tremendous efforts have been directed towards development of antiretroviral therapies that target different stages in the life cycle of the virus that causes this deadly disease.

Also read: India issues fresh Covid-19 guidelines for travellers from UK, Brazil, South Africa

Also read: BT Business Leaders of TN: Manufacturing, electronics, SaaS can make India $5 trillion economy, say experts

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IIT Madras researchers find new method to make AIDS drug more effective - Business Today

Recent Industry trends & research observe on Global Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Market 2020 & Forecast 2027 highlights various agency elements like types, end-users, programs. The competitive landscape view in Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Industry, mergers & acquisitions, research, new technologies & upcoming Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent companies are pro-Report Sheet. The market size, modern employer trends, government policies, & investment opportunities in the Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Industry are covered.

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Fort Collins, Colorado: Reports Globe added the latest research report on future growth opportunities, development trends, and forecasts for 2027 of the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market. Global Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market Report provides an overview of the segments and sub-segments including Product Types, Applications, Companies, and Regions. This report describes the overall size of the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers market through analysis of historical data and future forecasts.

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Table of Contents

1 scope of research2 summary3 Competition from manufacturers4 Market size by type5 Market size by application6 Market Size by Region7 Company profileEight value chain and sales channel analyzes9 Analysis of market drivers, opportunities, challenges and risk factors10 key findings from the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers study11 Appendix

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Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Market Size, Growth And Key Players- Abbott, Roche, Danaher, Hitachi, Thermo Fisher Scientific The Bisouv Network -...

The reportOn Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Provides status and outlook of global MarketWith major regions, from angles of manufacturers,product types and end industries. This report analyzes the top manufacturers inKey regions, and splits theBio-Based Itaconic Acid market by product type and applications/end industries.This report includes estimations of the market size in terms of value (USD million).The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current global market scenario, latest trends,drivers, and the overall market environment.

Market Overview:

Bio-based itaconic acid market is expected to grow at a rate of 5.50% for the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Data Bridge Market Research report on bio-based itaconic acid market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecasted period while providing their impacts on the markets growth.The changing trend towards eco-friendly products due to growing awareness regarding green house emissions will help impact the bio-based itaconic acid market growth in the forecast period.

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The report provides in-depth information about profitable showing markets and analyzes the markets for the global Bio-Based Itaconic Acid market. It provides full information about new product launches, current developments, and investments in the global market. The report delivers an complete evaluation of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of the top players in the global market.

Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market Top Manufacturers :

The major players covered in the bio-based itaconic acid market report are Thermo Fisher Scientific., Itaconix Corporation, Qingdao Kehai Biochemistry Co., LTD., AEKYUNG PETROCHEMICAL Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Guoguang Biochemistry Co.,Ltd., Spectrum Ultimate Chem India Pvt. Ltd, Alpha Chemika, Haihang Industry Co., Ltd, Ronas Chemicals Ind. Co., Ltd., Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd., Alfa Aesar, Merck KGaA, Choice Organochem Llp., FUSO CHEMICAL CO., LTD., Henan Haofei Chemical Co.,Ltd., Chemical Manufacturing Corp and FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

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The report also examines the several volume trends, the pricing history, and the market value in addition to understanding the key dynamics of theBio-Based Itaconic Acid market.The Report Provides analysis of the key segments of the industry. This analysis sheds light in the current trends and opportunities in the Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market.

TOC of The Report :

Executive Summary

Market Landscape

Five Forces Analysis

Market Segmentation by Product

Geographic Landscape

Vendor Analysis

Appendix

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Bio-Based Itaconic Acid Market | Industry Size, Share, Key Players, Trends, and Growth Forecast | Thermo Fisher Scientific., Itaconix Corporation,...