Category Archives: BioEngineering

When foreigners invest in emerging markets, the prospect for those markets' local businesses looks bright. The payoffs for a country's companies can range from injections of foreign capital to better managerial talent, technological sophistication and international know-how. But does foreign investment ever push local firms to venture into international projects of their own?

Rice Business professor Haiyang Li looked closely at the ripple effects of foreign investments, and concluded it all depends on the local businesses' adaptability. That and their appetite for risk.

Together with Xiwei Yi of Peking University and Geng Cui of Lingan University, Hong Kong, Li launched a large-scale study of Chinese manufacturers to better understand how multinational investment in domestic companies influences the global market.

The subject was ripe for analysis. Over the past decade, more and more companies in China and other emerging markets have been testing the waters of direct investment in other countries in sectors as varied as food and beverages, apparel, electronics and transportation equipment.

Li's team hypothesized that these emerging market companies were leveraging benefits that foreign investment had ferried into their home markets. This investment, the researchers theorized, had brought in useful resources and skills, which helped ease the local companies into international business markets.

To confirm this, the team needed to test whether the converse was true: Might information gained from foreign investors actually dull a local firm's interest in branching out overseas? Maybe the risks of that type of venture which are higher for firms in emerging markets would seem too stark.

To find out, the researchers first vetted the literature on inward and outward investment activities. How, they wanted to know, did domestic firms interact with foreign players in the technology or product importing process? In equipment manufacturing? In franchising and licensing, mergers and acquisitions and activities such as setting up subsidiaries?

Working with a global research company, Li and his colleagues next surveyed 1,500 Chinese businesses in the food, clothing, electronics and vehicle industries. (Firms in finance, banking, natural resources and business services were ruled out because of their government ties, and also because such organizations usually use fewer resources, which made them harder to evaluate.)

Each company that took part in the survey rated how much they engaged with foreign investors in activities such as importing products and services or forming joint ventures. They also indicated if dealing with foreign direct investment had brought them foreign capital, advanced manufacturing know-how, managerial experience or competitive insight into overseas business.

The researchers also measured the "fungibility" of these firms' resources in other words, how easily could their organizational, cultural and technological resources be adapted to various geographical settings?

Finally, managers rated how risk-prone they thought their firms were.

After Li and his coauthors processed the answers, they found several links between foreign investment in domestic firms and local companies' internationalization efforts.

First, there was a positive relationship between the local gains from foreign investment and a firm's interest in internationalization projects. While this effect was indirect, it was amplified when foreign investment gave a firm new capabilities that made it more adaptable. In other words, the Chinese companies whose contact with foreign multinationals made them more adaptable in general were better positioned to prosper in ventures abroad.

This stands to reason, the researchers note. That's because by its very nature foreign investment sparks awareness of new opportunities: every business trip, plant visit or negotiation with foreign partners is a hands-on lesson in international trade.

But the researchers also uncovered a significant downside to foreign investment for local Chinese firms. When a project was considered high-risk, such as a merger or establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary, the local firms were less prone to venture abroad. This adverse effect was worse for firms that labeled themselves risk-averse, probably because exposure to foreign investors only made the risks of internationalizing clearer.

These findings add important detail to the way foreign investment can affect their local partners' own international plans for good and ill. Already, businesses in emerging markets are used to optimizing resources, wrangling diverse idioms and artisans and adapting logistically to get their products to market. That nimbleness, Li and his colleagues propose, should also be seen as a globalization tool. For businesses in emerging markets, the researchers conclude, day-to-day technical ability is actually less important than cultural and organizational flexibility and applying lessons learned from foreign investors to their own projects abroad.

In other words, for firms in emerging markets, globalization is not just a path to new markets. It's a way to study interactions with foreign firms while on their home turf and learn how to apply those lessons abroad.

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This story originally ran on Rice Business Wisdom.

Haiyang Li is Area Coordinator and Professor of Strategic Management at Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University.

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Rice University students and staff team up with Canadian company to make low-cost ventilators - InnovationMap

NewsTyrell Gittens5 Hrs AgoThis image, provided by the US Food and Drug Administration shows the coronavirus as seen under a high-powered microscope.

While the covid19 pandemic reached TT last month, some nationals in other parts of the world have gone through this phase already and have come out on the other side.

Latest figures from the World Health Organization estimate there are now over 780,000 confirmed cases of covid19 globally and the death toll has exceeded 37,000.

In China ground zero for the spread of the virus life has slowly returned to normal after months of intense lockdowns. In other Asian countries, like South Korea, there has been a reduced rate of infection.

Newsday spoke to two TT nationals on the Asian continent to get a feel of what life is like as the world grapples with the covid19 pandemic.

Marianne Chang, Seoul National University, South Korea

Marianne Chang, 25, a bioengineering student, said public spaces in South Korea have not closed, although the country, which has over 51 million people, has had close to 8,000 cases to date.

There is no official lockdown by South Korean authorities, but efforts against covid19 include real-time text updates giving the time and location of confirmed cases. These updates urge people to avoid areas where there are cases, get tested in cases of exposure and practise social distancing.

Two free masks a week are distributed to citizens, but non-citizens, like Chang, do not have access because they dont have national health insurance.

People are going about business as usual, but the government is sending notices to maintain transparency of the situation.

Theres definitely less people around. Seoul is usually a packed city, so I guess they succeeded in reducing the number of people that are going out.

Chang said shopping and access to products have not been affected, given the countrys large online retail market, even for groceries.Subscriptions to these virtual services have increased.

While there are now online classes, Changs campus is not closed and facilities like the campus library are open, but with precautions, like temperature readings to check for fever.

People are doing and adapting to online classes and assignments. Theres no lockdown (of the campus) and some people are still going to school, but taking precautions.

Chang commends TTs response to curb the spread of covid19, given the countrys testing and healthcare capabilities, which are limited compared to South Korea's.

Jayson Paul, education consultant in Beijing, China

Jayson Paul, 27, has worked in Beijings education sector for over two years. While a sense of normality is returning to China, Paul says daily life has slowed since the pandemic started in Wuhan.

Trains and buses are running again, but with fewer passengers. People have started physically returning to work, but practices like social distancing and health checks before entering spaces are still enforced.

Since mid-February, Pauls employers have rostered staff to let them physically return to work, though they worked from home during the outbreaks major stages, in late January.

Work is slowly getting back to something approaching normal in Beijing.

Describing the lockdowns to get China to this point he said, Its been challenging. I spent a lot of time in my apartment over the last two and a half months. But it allowed the country to move through this disaster.

Chinas situation is now vastly different from what it was in January.

Everything you see going on everywhere else, like social distancing, remote working and people using masking and gloves, we have been doing that since the middle of January.

To give a scale of how dire the situation became, Paul described trying to order masks and hand sanitisers by the third week of January. Before the outbreak such products would usually be delivered in two days. His order never arrived.

Paul said while TTs and Chinas response to covid19 cant be compared, as the two countries are greatly different, the efforts by TTs authorities show the situation is being taken seriously. He urged people to do the same.

It (the measures) comes at a cost. People have lost their jobs and ability to socialise for nearly three months here,but we accepted that.

"The cost of not doing that is really high.

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TT nationals in Asia dealing with Covid-19 - Trinidad News

Houston:

A prominent university in Texas has developed an inexpensive, automatic and hand-held ventilator that could soon be available to doctors in the US and help them combat the coronavirus pandemic that has infected over 164,000 people and claimed the lives of 3,170 others in the country. Across the United States, hospitals are facing shortages of ventilators, some medical device makers have agreed to ramp up supplies. But because patients diagnosed with or suspected to have COVID-19 often require breathing support, there is widespread concern that these devices won''t be developed and shipped quickly enough.

Texas-based Rice University and Canadian global health design firm Metric Technologies have developed an automated bag valve mask ventilation unit that can be built for less than USD 300 worth of parts and help patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19. The collaboration expects to share the plans for the ventilator by making them freely available online to anyone in the world. The varsity team designed and built a programmable device able to squeeze a bag valve mask. These masks are typically carried by emergency medical personnel to help get air into the lungs of people having difficulty breathing on their own. But the masks are difficult to squeeze by hand for more than a few minutes at a time.

"It's automatic, electric, and works independently of a tech," Wettergreen, a varsity professor and member of the Design Kitchen team, told PTI. "It's not designed for people who are critical cases, but rather who are in respiratory distress," the professor said. That delineation is important: the automated Bag Mask Valve (BVM) would take less-critical patients off ventilators and free them up for only those in dire need. The benefit could be a game changer for those on the front lines of the COVID-19 battle, Wettergreen said.

"When a crisis hits, we use our skills to contribute solutions. If you can help, you should, and I''m proud that were responding to the call," said the professor. The design has caught the attention of the Department of Defense, which may authorise the Navy to utilise it in the near future. It's a huge feat for the small unit, dubbed the Apollo BVM team, whose students worked around the clock and took classes online in order to deliver the project as soon as possible.

Rohith Malya - an assistant professor of emergency medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, an adjunct assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice, and a principal at Metric Technologies - coined the name as a tribute to Rice''s history with NASA and former US President John F Kennedy''s now-famous speech kicking off the nation''s efforts to go to the moon.

"This project appeals to our ingenuity, it's a Rice-based project and it's for all of humanity. And we''re on an urgent timescale. We decided to throw it all on the table and see how far we go," he said. Malya inspired the Rice project two years ago after seeing families try to keep critically ill loved ones at the Kwai River Christian Hospital in Thailand alive by bag-ventilating them for hours on end.

He expects the new Apollo BVM to serve that purpose eventually, but the need is now worldwide. "This is a clinician-informed end-to-end design that repurposes the existing BVM global inventory toward widespread and safe access to mechanical ventilation," Malya said, noting that more than 100 million bag valve masks are manufactured around the world each year.

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US-Based University Develops Hand-Held, Automatic Ventilators To Fight Coronavirus - News Nation

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Food Grade Fumaric Acid Market Size Overview, Top Companies, Inventive Trends and Forecast to 2037 - Jewish Life News

New Delhi: The World Bank Board of Executive Directors today approved a $500 million project to build safe and green national highway corridors in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.The project will also enhance the capacity of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) in mainstreaming safety and green technologies.India's road network of 5.48 million km carries 65 percent of freight traffic and 85 percent of passenger traffic.The Green National Highways Corridors Project will support MoRTH construct 783 km of highways in various geographies by integrating safe and green technology designs such as local and marginal materials, industrial byproducts, and other bioengineering solutions.The Bank will leverage its global knowledge in green transport and support the states in mainstreaming climate resilience, resource efficiency, and green solutions in the development and maintenance of National Highways.

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World Bank Approves 500 Million Project to Develop Green Resilient and Safe Highways in India | Cuttack NYOOOZ - NYOOOZ

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to almost all countries around the world, with the number of cases increasing by a bigger margin. Currently, the total number of cases in India has gone up to 753, with 20 deaths reported as per Worldometer. In these testing times, many IITs across India are working on different ways to tackle the virus from developing sanitisers to finding a cure.

A team of researchers at IIT Guwahati, led by Professor Sachin Kumar, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, are working towards developing a vaccine, along with developing rapid detection and portable diagnostic kits for different types of viruses and microorganisms.

The team consists of PhD students, MTech students, Junior Research Fellows and Post Doctoral Fellows. Recently, the team had developed a vaccine against Japanese encephalitis and classical swine fever virus, and their research was published in the journals Vaccine and Archives of Virology, respectively. The researchers are trying to learn if they can use the same tool that they had developed for the encephalitis so that it could be used for COVID-19 as well.

And its not just the vaccine that they are working on, but they are also working to develop the first line of protection.

The institute, like many others, has already created hand sanitisers as prescribed by the WHO. These sanitisers are distributed to everyone on the campus, including visitors.

India still has long way to go when it comes to fighting the pandemic, but the consistent research efforts by the many institutions give hope to the cause.

(Edited by Kanishk Singh)

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Heres what researchers at IIT Guwahati are doing to tackle the COVID-19 problem - YourStory