Category Archives: Neurology

Neuropsychologist Kim Gorgens makes the case for better protecting our brains against the risk of concussion -- with a compelling pitch for putting helmets on kids: A $20-helmet is a good way to protect $100,000 education. "Mind your (brain) matter."

This is a summary of the Cleveland Clinic commentary on the new U.S. Diet Guidelines via their Twitter account, provided by the dietitian Kristin Kirkpatrick:

Decrease in salt consumption

The main recommendation is a decrease in salt consumption. New recommendation is below 1,500 mg/day for at-risk populations. At-risk populations include African-Americans, people with high blood pressure or kidney disease, and people over 51. Americans not at risk can consumer up to 2,300 mg of salt per day (for now, until the next update of the guidelines - commentary of the blog author). Kristin Kirkpatrick: I think the 1,500 mg/day recommendation should apply to the entire population for many reasons. There is strong scientific evidence that limiting salt can help prevent heart attacks and stroke. The problem with the current recommendations is that nearly everyone will enter the at-risk population at some point in their lives. In order to decrease your risk for a number of chronic diseases, it is advisable to consume as little salt as possible.

How to cut salt?

77% of sodium consumption in the US is obtained through processed foods.

Limit any food that can sit on your shelf for two years and still taste great when prepared. Try to only consume foods that will eventually rot if not eaten in 10 days or so.

Learn how to cook! Take a cooking class or experiment at home. Use spices, herbs for flavor instead of salt.

Investigate your eating-out choices beforehand. A typical restaurant meal averages 3,500 mg/salt.

Don't purchase canned soup - make your own! Most canned soup is very high in sodium.

Sea salt has more minerals and is less processed, but it contains the same level of sodium (or more) as iodized salt.

Get off your "SoFAS" - decrease Solid Fats and Added Sugars

Another recommendation is to replace solid fats with fats that are liquid at room temperature.

Read your labels and keep any foods with partially hydrogenated oils out of your shopping cart. Partially hydrogenated oils are linked to increased "bad" LDL cholesterol and decreased good "HDL" cholesterol

Focus more on consuming plant-based foods than animal-based foods to decrease saturated fat intake.

Don't forget that any kind of fat - good or bad - has, on average, 100 calories per teaspoon.

Good fats include avocado, seeds and nuts, olive and canola oil. Keep good fats to 20-25% of total caloric intake per day.

Vary protein sources in the diet - add seafood

Another recommendation is to vary protein sources in the diet.

It is recommended people consume 8-12 oz. of seafood per week. That's about 2 servings. Aim for seafood choices that provide omega-3 fatty acids like wild salmon, sardines, halibut, and trout. Pregnant women want to avoid higher mercury fishes like shark, swordfish, and king mackerel.

Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables

Another recommendation is to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables. Make sure to include dark green, red and orange vegetables in your diet. Kale, peppers and beets are good examples.

Food fact: The darker the color of the vegetable, the higher the antioxidant content.

Aim to consume five handfuls of fruit per day. When possible, keep the skins on for extra fiber.

Consume half of grains as whole grains

Another recommendation encourages Americans to consume half of their grains as whole grains. It is better to consume all of your grains as whole grains, however. Consume breads that contain 100% whole grain or whole wheat. Read the labels! Switch white rice to brown rice.

Check your pasta! The only ingredient should be 100% whole wheat. If "whole" or 100% isn't in front of "wheat", put it back. Pasta doesn't need to be wheat-based. You could also consume brown rice pasta. Brown rice pasta is gluten-free.

Practice healthy eating EVERY day

Most importantly, practice healthy eating patterns every day.

Eat together as a family, and turn off the TV and smartphone during meals. Distracted eating causes you to eat 40% more. Stay within your individual caloric needs. With all these recommendations, portion control is still key.

References:
Dietary Guidelines for Americans. USDA.

The 2011 Association for the Study of Medical Education (ASME) conference will take place in Edinburgh in July.

The conference organizers are asking all the right questions:

- Is a WordPress blog more useful than a Blackboard module?

- How social is social bookmarking?

- How can social media help medical education researchers?

- How can we manage and develop our own digital identity?

The Networked Teacher - Diagram, Flickr http://goo.gl/CVddi

References:
Social Media and Networks in Medical Education: Workshop at ASME

Health Benefits of Coffee - MarketWatch video.

Coffee is not usually thought of as health food, but some recent studies suggest that it can be beneficial.

A 2005 JAMA meta-analysis concluded that habitual coffee consumption was consistently associated with a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. However, caffeine, seems to have little to do with it. In fact, caffeine (C8H10N4O2) is the natural pesticide of coffee beans, paralyzing and killing insects that try to feed on them.

A Norwegian study found that women who drank 1-3 cups a day reduced their risk of cardiovascular disease by 24% compared with those drinking no coffee at all.

Antioxidants in coffee may decrease inflammation, reducing the risk of disorders related to it, like cardiovascular disease. A typical serving of coffee contains more antioxidants than typical servings of grape juice, blueberries, raspberries and oranges.

References:
Health Benefits of Coffee - WebMD.
Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits - New York Times, 2006.

Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin mimetic, increases platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, with few adverse effects.

In this open-label, 52-week study (funded by Amgen), 234 adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia, who had not undergone splenectomy, were randomized to receive the standard of care or weekly subcutaneous injections of romiplostim.

The rate of a platelet response in the romiplostim group was 2.3 times that in the standard-of-care group.

Patients receiving romiplostim had a significantly lower incidence of treatment failure [11%] than those receiving the standard of care [30%].

Splenectomy also was performed less frequently in patients receiving romiplostim [9%]) than in those receiving the standard of care [36%].

The romiplostim group had a lower rate of bleeding events, fewer blood transfusions, and greater improvements in the quality of life.

Cleveland Clinic has been ranked the number one hospital in the U.S. for heart disease and heart surgery for the last 19 years. They must know what they are talking about when selecting the "heart numbers to know". This is the list by the cardiologist Dr. Richard Krasuski and the Clinic Twitter account.

Knowing your risk for heart disease depends on knowing and understanding some important numbers:

- Blood pressure should be less than 120/80 mm Hg

- Fasting blood sugar should be less than 100 mg/dL

- Total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL

- LDL (bad cholesterol) less than 100 mg/dL, HDL (good) greater than 40 mg/dL

- Waist circumference should be less than 40 inches for men and less then 35 inches for women

- Body Mass Index (BMI) should be between 18.5 and 25. Calculate your BMI here: http://bit.ly/glMJE5