Category Archives: Neurology

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Newswise — NEW ORLEANS – Nearly two dozen scientific research awards are being bestowed on researchers around the world this year by the American Academy of Neurology, the world’s largest association of neurologists. The awards will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans April 21-28, 2012, at the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center.

This year’s recipients include:

Founders Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology Alliance.
Amer Ghavanini, MD, PhD / Toronto

S. Weir Mitchell Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology Alliance.
Nandakumar Narayanan, MD, PhD / New Haven, Conn.

Dreifuss-Penry Epilepsy Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by members of the Academy’s Epilepsy Section; Abbott Laboratories, Inc.; Cephalon, Inc.; Cyberonics, Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Ortho-McNeil Neurologics; Pfizer Inc; Shire US, Inc; and UCB Pharma.
Tobias Loddenkemper, MD / Boston

John Dystel Prize for Multiple Sclerosis Research
Presented by the American Academy of Neurology and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and made possible through a special contribution from the John Dystel Multiple Sclerosis Research Fund at the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
Richard Ransohoff, MD / Cleveland

Sheila Essey Award: An Award for ALS Research
Presented by the American Academy of Neurology and the ALS Association and supported through the philanthropy of the Essey Family Fund and the ALS Association.
Christopher Shaw, MBChB, MD, FRACP / London

Norman Geschwind Prize in Behavioral Neurology
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and the Academy’s Behavioral Neurology Section and endowed through Dr. Geschwind's family, friends and colleagues; Pfizer Inc; and the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology.
Marco Catani, MD / London

Mitchell B. Max Award for Neuropathic Pain
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by the United States Cancer Pain Relief Committee, the Mayday Fund and friends of Dr. Mitchell Max.
Howard Fields, MD, PhD / Emeryville, Calif.

Jon Stolk Award in Movement Disorders for Young Investigators
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Inc., Lineberry Research, Quintiles and Dr. Dennis Gillings.
Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre, MD, PhD / Iowa City, Iowa

Medical Student Essay Awards
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology.

Extended Neuroscience Award
Matthew Elrick / Ann Arbor, Mich.

G. Milton Shy Award in Clinical Neurology
Tenneille Loo / Toronto

Roland P. Mackay Award
Jessica Shields / New Orleans

Saul R. Korey Award in Experimental Neurology
Mark Ziats / Houston

Movement Disorders Research Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology, the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation and the Academy’s Movement Disorders Section and endowed by the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation.
Caroline Tanner, MD, PhD / Sunnyvale, Calif.

Neuroscience Research Prize
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Neurology Foundation and the Child Neurology Society.
Sean Oh / Old Westbury, N.Y.
John Solder / Westport, Conn.
Christie Wang / Roslyn, N.Y.

Child Neurology Neuroscience Research Prize
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Neurology Foundation, and the Child Neurology Society.
Vincent Shieh / New York

Michael S. Pessin Stroke Leadership Prize
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by Dr. Pessin's family, friends and colleagues.
Natalia Rost, MD / Boston

Potamkin Prize for Research in Pick’s, Alzheimer’s, and Related Diseases
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology, the American Academy of Neurology Foundation and funded through the philanthropy of the Potamkin Family.
Takeshi Iwatsubo, MD, PhD / Tokyo

Neuroendocrine Research Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and supported by friends of Andrew Herzog, MD.
Alison Pack, MD / New York

Research Award in Geriatric Neurology
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and the Academy’s Geriatric Neurology Section.
Gil Rabinovici, MD / San Francisco

Bruce S. Schoenberg International Award in Neuroepidemiology
Endowed by GlaxoSmithKline, Inc.
Amir Hadi Maghzi, MD / Isfahan, Iran

Sleep Science Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and the Academy’s Sleep Section and endowed by Cephalon, Inc.
Beth Malow, MD, MS / Nashville, Tenn.

Harold Wolff-John Graham: An Award for Headache/Facial Pain Research
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by Endo Pharmaceuticals.
Simon Akerman, MD / San Francisco

Wayne A. Hening Sleep Medicine Investigator Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology and endowed by UCB, Inc., Lilly USA, Elite Home Medical & Respiratory, Inc., Raleigh Neurology Associates and friends of Wayne A. Hening, MD.
Jeffery Ellenbogen, MD, MMSc / Boston

Patient Safety Award
Sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology.
Justin T. Jordan, MD / Dallas
Katie Wiltshire, MD / Calgary, Canada

Presented by the American Academy of Neurology with financial support from Professional Risk Management Services, Inc.

The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 25,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis.

For more information about the American Academy of Neurology, visit http://www.aan.com or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

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American Academy of Neurology Announces 2012 Research Award Winners

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Newswise — NEW ORLEANS – A new drug is showing promise in shielding against the harmful effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, according to a study that was released today and will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans April 21 to April 28, 2012.

“There are currently no primary treatments for TBI, so this research provides hope that effective treatments can be developed,” said study author Michael Kaufman, a second year medical student at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. The principal investigator on the study is Christian Kreipke, MD, also with Wayne State University School of Medicine.

Traumatic brain injury causes a decrease in blood flow in the cerebrum of the brain, which if prolonged, can cause permanent cell dysfunction and death. A receptor in the brain called endothelin receptor A (ETrA) contributes to the restriction of blood flow as early as four hours after a brain injury. The new drug, called clazosentan, is thought to specifically block these receptors.

Researchers gave brain-injured rats the drug clazosentan through an intravenous (IV) line at several different points in time after the injury. Next, they measured the rat’s blood flow in the hippocampus and sensory motor cortex with an MRI brain scan and tested their behavior in learning a maze.

Preliminary data from the study found that clazosentan decreased the effects of the traumatic brain injury on blood flow to the hippocampus by 25 percent at four hours and 23 percent at 48 hours after TBI. However, giving the rats the drug at 12 hours post-injury caused some to improve, while others worsened or remained the same. In the trial, the drug was most effective when given at two hours post-injury and again at 24 hours after the trauma. The rats also performed better on the maze test when given the drug at two and 24 hours post-injury.

“This research is the foundation for future clinical trials that will investigate the possibilities of using clazosentan in the treatment of TBI,” said Kaufman.

Learn more about traumatic brain injury at http://www.aan.com/patients.

The study was supported by the American Academy of Neurology, the National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 25,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. For more information about the American Academy of Neurology, visit http://www.aan.com or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

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New Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury Shows Promise in Animals

Public release date: 19-Feb-2012
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Contact: Rachel Seroka
rseroka@aan.com
651-695-2738
American Academy of Neurology

NEW ORLEANS ? A new drug is showing promise in shielding against the harmful effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, according to a study that was released today and will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans April 21 to April 28, 2012.

"There are currently no primary treatments for TBI, so this research provides hope that effective treatments can be developed," said study author Michael Kaufman, a second year medical student at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. The principal investigator on the study is Christian Kreipke, MD, also with Wayne State University School of Medicine.

Traumatic brain injury causes a decrease in blood flow in the cerebrum of the brain, which if prolonged, can cause permanent cell dysfunction and death. A receptor in the brain called endothelin receptor A (ETrA) contributes to the restriction of blood flow as early as four hours after a brain injury. The new drug, called clazosentan, is thought to specifically block these receptors.

Researchers gave brain-injured rats the drug clazosentan through an intravenous (IV) line at several different points in time after the injury. Next, they measured the rat's blood flow in the hippocampus and sensory motor cortex with an MRI brain scan and tested their behavior in learning a maze.

Preliminary data from the study found that clazosentan decreased the effects of the traumatic brain injury on blood flow to the hippocampus by 25 percent at four hours and 23 percent at 48 hours after TBI. However, giving the rats the drug at 12 hours post-injury caused some to improve, while others worsened or remained the same. In the trial, the drug was most effective when given at two hours post-injury and again at 24 hours after the trauma. The rats also performed better on the maze test when given the drug at two and 24 hours post-injury.

"This research is the foundation for future clinical trials that will investigate the possibilities of using clazosentan in the treatment of TBI," said Kaufman.

###

Learn more about traumatic brain injury at http://www.aan.com/patients.

The study was supported by the American Academy of Neurology, the National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 25,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. For more information about the American Academy of Neurology, visit http://www.aan.com or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

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Study: New treatment for traumatic brain injury shows promise in animals

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Adverse drug events are important preventable causes of hospitalization in older adults.

4 medications linked to 67% of drug-related hospitalizations

Four medications or medication classes were implicated alone or in combination in 67% of hospitalizations:

- warfarin, 33%
- insulins, 14%
- oral antiplatelet agents, 13%
- oral hypoglycemic agents, 11%

High-risk medications were implicated in only 1.2% of hospitalizations.

50% of these hospitalizations were among adults 80 years of age or older. 65% of hospitalizations were due to unintentional overdoses.

Classification of adverse reactions to drugs: "SOAP III" mnemonic (click to enlarge the image):

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) affect 10–20% of hospitalized patients and 25% of outpatients.

Rule of 10s in ADR

10% of patients develop ADR
10% of these are due to allergy
10% of these lead to anaphylaxis
10% of these lead to death

Insulin is one of the top 10 high risk medications

Insulin has been identified as one of the top 10 high risk medicines worldwide. Errors are common - the first national audit in England and Wales showed prescribing errors in 19.5% of cases.

Not only are mistakes common, they often lead to harm - 3% of medication errors are related to insulin, but these errors were also twice as likely to cause harm as errors for other prescribed drugs.

Over 20 different types of insulin are in use, in various strengths and forms, and with a range of delivery devices, including insulin syringes (from vials), insulin pens (prefilled or reusable), or infusion pumps.

Top 10 most prescribed medications

According to a report from the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, the top 10 most-prescribed drugs in the U.S. are:

- hydrocodone (combined with acetaminophen)
- simvastatin
- lisinopril
- levothyroxine
- amlodipine
- omeprazole
- azithromycin
- amoxicillin
- metformin
- hydrochlorothiazide

References:

Emergency Hospitalizations for Adverse Drug Events in Older Americans. Daniel S. Budnitz, M.D., M.P.H., Maribeth C. Lovegrove, M.P.H., Nadine Shehab, Pharm.D., M.P.H., and Chesley L. Richards, M.D., M.P.H. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2002-2012, November 24, 2011.
Insulin is one of the top 10 high risk medications worldwide for prescription errors
Top 10 Most Prescribed Medications
Drug Allergy: Introduction and Epidemiology
Drug Allergy
Image source: Wikipedia, public domain.

Comments from Google Plus and Twitter:

Wendy Hemken - I noticed that opioids weren't on that list. All the talk seems to be about how deadly they are. Is this not the case?

Aaron Sparshott @IVLINE: An important one for #medstudents

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