Category Archives: Gene Medicine

SwanBio has been making tremendous progress in the advancement of our AAV-based pipeline of therapeutics for the treatment of neurological diseases, and we are thrilled to expand our Board of Directors with these key appointments, said Tom Anderson, Chief Executive Officer of SwanBio. Patty, Danny and Alex each bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise within their individual focus-areas, and their insights will be invaluable as we advance toward becoming a clinical company. We look forward to benefiting from their experience and collaborating on the important work ahead to deliver new medicines to patients with devastating diseases.

Im pleased to join the SwanBio Board of Directors, along with Danny and Alex, at this pivotal moment in the companys evolution, said Ms. Allen. SwanBio is driven by an exceptional team and founded based on innovative science, with a gene therapy approach that could make a significant difference for a number of people who suffer from genetic neurological diseases. I am excited for the future of this company and the opportunity to help guide them forward.

Ms. Allen is a business finance and operations leader with more than 25 years of experience leading private and public companies through initial public offerings, equity and debt financings, SEC reporting, investor relations, sell-side and buy-side, strategic and long-range planning, FP&A, treasury, risk management and business development. Most recently, she served as Chief Financial Officer of Zafgen, Inc. (now Larimar Therapeutics) from 2013-2020. Prior to Zafgen, Ms. Allen was an independent financial consultant from 2011-2012; served as Vice President of Finance, Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc from 2004-2011; and as Director of Finance at Alkermes from 1992-2004. Ms. Allen also serves as a Director on the Board of Directors of several biotechnology companies and serves as the Chair of their Audit Committees. Ms. Allen graduated summa cum laude from Bryant College with a B.S. in business administration.

Dr. Bar-Zohar is a certified physician with proven expertise in drug development and a personal commitment to change peoples lives by developing sustainable, transformative healthcare solutions using both traditional and emerging technologies. He was recently appointed Global Head of Development at Merck KGaA in Darmstadt, Germany. Prior to Merck KGaA, Dr. Bar-Zohar was a Partner at Syncona and held various roles at Novartis Pharma AG from 2013-2020, most recently serving as Global Head, Clinical Development and Analytics. Before Novartis, Dr. Bar-Zohar held various clinical and medical affairs roles at Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries from 2006-2012. He obtained his medical doctor degree at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University and was trained in general surgery at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center.

Dr. Hamilton is an experienced financial leader within the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. Since SwanBios founding, Dr. Hamilton has played a key role in helping shape the companys strategy as a Board Observer. Before joining Syncona, he was a member of the Healthcare Investment Banking team at Jefferies International, where he worked on a range of financings and mergers and acquisitions across the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. Dr. Hamilton received his Ph.D. in immunology from the University of Cambridge.

About SwanBio Therapeutics

SwanBio Therapeutics is a gene therapy company that aims to bring life-changing treatments to people with devastating, genetically defined neurological conditions. SwanBio is advancing a pipeline of AAV-based gene therapies, designed to be delivered intrathecally, that can address targets within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This approach has the potential to be applied broadly across three disease classifications spastic paraplegias, monogenic neuropathies and polygenic neuropathies. SwanBios lead program is being advanced toward clinical development for the treatment of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). For more information, visit SwanBioTherapeutics.com.

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SwanBio Therapeutics Expands Board of Directors with Appointments of Proven Industry Leaders - BioSpace

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Cowen and Company, LLC, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC are acting as joint book-running managers in the offering. Canaccord Genuity LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. are acting as passive bookrunners in the offering.

Stoke intends to use the net proceeds from the proposed offering, together with its existing cash and cash equivalents, to fund research, clinical and process development and manufacturing of its product candidates, including late stage development of STK-001, clinical development of its next target for the treatment of Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy, developing additional product candidates, working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes.

The shares are being offered by Stoke pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 previously filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). A preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to this offering have been filed with the SEC. Copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relating to this offering, and when available, the final prospectus supplement, may be obtained from: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, c/o Broadridge Financial Services, Attention: Prospectus Department, 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, New York 11717, or by telephone: (866) 803-9204, or by emailing prospectus-eq_fi@jpmchase.com; from Cowen and Company, LLC c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions, Attention: Prospectus Department, 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, New York 11717, or by telephone: (833) 297-2926, or by emailing PostSaleManualRequests@broadridge.com; or from Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 6933 Louis Stephens Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560, by telephone at (800) 221-1037, or by email at usa.prospectus@credit-suisse.com. Electronic copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus will also be available on the website of the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Stoke, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

About Stoke Therapeutics

Stoke Therapeutics (Nasdaq: STOK) is a biotechnology company pioneering a new way to treat the underlying causes of severe genetic diseases by precisely upregulating protein expression to restore target proteins to near normal levels. Stoke aims to develop the first precision medicine platform to target the underlying cause of a broad spectrum of genetic diseases in which the patient has one healthy copy of a gene and one mutated copy that fails to produce a protein essential to health. These diseases, in which loss of approximately 50% of normal protein expression causes disease, are called autosomal dominant haploinsufficiencies. Stoke is headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: anticipate, intend, plan, goal, seek, believe, project, estimate, expect, strategy, future, likely, may, should, will and similar references to future periods. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements the Company makes regarding its expectation of market conditions and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the offering, its ability to complete the offering and expected use of proceeds, Stokes plan to develop its precision medicine platform, anticipated preclinical and clinical development activities, potential benefits of Stokes product candidates and potential market opportunities for Stokes product candidates. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Although Stoke believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, Stoke cannot guarantee future events, results, actions, levels of activity, performance or achievements, and the timing and results of biotechnology development and potential regulatory approval is inherently uncertain. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause the Companys actual activities or results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, including risks and uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Companys business, clinical trial sites, supply chain and manufacturing facilities, market conditions, the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the proposed offering, as well as other risks and uncertainties described under the heading Risk Factors in documents Stoke files from time to time with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof and Stoke specifically disclaims any obligation to update these forward-looking statements or reasons why actual results might differ, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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Stoke Therapeutics Announces Pricing of $97.5 Million Public Offering - BioSpace

By taking advantage of a natural process of gene silencing, a new gene therapy approach appears to prevent the toxicity todorsal root ganglion(DRG) a specific cluster of sensory neurons seen in non-human primates during gene therapy studies for neurological disorders, researchers report.

The approach successfully protected the primates DRG from excessive activity of the introduced gene known as a transgene and subsequent toxicity, without affecting the transgenes activity elsewhere in the nervous system.

DRG inflammation and toxicity was observed in non-human primates after spinal canal injection of AVXS-101 approved asZolgensma when given as an intravenous infusion prompting a partial hold of a Phase 1/2 trial (NCT03381729) to allow for further investigation.

That trial, calledSTRONG, is testing intrathecal (spinal canal) injection of this gene therapy in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) between 6 months and 5 years old.

The study, MicroRNA-mediated inhibition of transgene expression reduces dorsal root ganglion toxicity by AAV vectors in primates, was published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

We believe that this new approach could improve safety in genetherapyuniversally, as well as in SMA, Juliette Hordeaux, PhD, the studys first author at University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine (Penn Medicine) said in a press release.

This approach could be used to design other gene therapy [carriers] to repress transgene [activity] in the cell types that are affected by the toxicity and not others, which is critical, because you need [such activity] everywhere else to effectively treat the disorder, added Hordeaux, who is also senior director of translational research for Penn Medicines gene therapy program.

Gene therapy works to deliver a functional version of a gene to correct or replace a faulty gene within specific cells in the body. Most therapy approaches today use a modified and harmlessadeno-associated virus(AAV) as a carrier for the working gene, a vehicle to transport it to a target cell.

But previous studies, including primate work by Penn researchers, showed that AAV-based gene therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS; brain and spinal cord) can damage the DRG, a cluster of neurons of the spinal nerve that bring sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

Notably, DRG toxicity was observed in studies regardless of the therapys route of administration (directly into the bloodstream or into the spinal canal). No reports of such toxicity in humans, including children treated in STRONG, are known.

Conventional immunosuppressive regimens were ineffective in preventing this toxicity, strongly indicating that an excessive immune response was not its cause. This led Hordeaux and her Penn colleagues to evaluate whether the damage was related to excessive levels of the transgenes product, which could cause cellular stress.

To test their idea, they took advantage of RNAi, a natural process of gene silencing, in which microRNA (miR) molecules bind to a specific messenger RNA (mRNA), targeting it for destruction and preventing the production of that protein. (mRNA is the molecule derived from DNA and used as a template for protein production.)

Since the miR183 complex is specifically produced in sensory tissues and organs such as dorsal root ganglion, the researchers introduced miR183s sequence targets at the endof the transgene sequence in an AVV. With this, any mRNA produced from the transgene would be destroyed in DRG neurons by the naturally present miR183, preventing protein production in these cells.

Researchers then compared the effects of administering AAV with a transgene containing or not containing miR183s sequence targets into the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord) of non-human primates.

Introducing miR183s sequence targets in the transgene were found to significantly reduce its mRNA levels and subsequent toxicity in DRG neurons, without affecting the transgenesmRNA levels elsewhere in the primates brain.

Steroids given to primates treated with unmodified AAVs, in contrast, failed to alleviate DRG damage, despite their known anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. This ineffectiveness was consistent with the proposal that immune system activity does not mediate this neuronal toxicity, the researchers wrote.

We were concerned about the DRG [toxicity] that was observed in most of our [non-human primate] studies, said James M. Wilson, MD, PhD, the studys senior author, and gene therapy program director and a professor of medicine and pediatrics at Penn Medicine.

This modified [viral] vectorshows great promise to reduce DRGtoxicityand should facilitate the development of safer AAV-based gene therapies for many CNS diseases, Wilson added.

Novartis gene therapy Zolgensma, when given directly into the bloodstream, is currently available for use in newborns and toddlers up to age 2 with any type of SMA in the U.S. and Japan, and to those with almost all types who weigh up to 21 kilograms (about 46 pounds) inEurope.

To meet aU.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) request for a pivotal confirmatory study of the gene therapys use with older SMA patients, who would be treated via intrathecal (IT) injection, Novartisplans to launch a new AVXS-101 IT trial.

This administration route is favored for those beyond toddler age, as it is thought to better target themotor neuronsdamaged by the disease.

According to the company, this IT trial cannot include U.S. sites until the hold on STRONG is lifted.

Marta Figueiredo holds a BSc in Biology and a MSc in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology from the University of Lisbon, Portugal. She is currently finishing her PhD in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Lisbon, where she focused her research on the role of several signalling pathways in thymus and parathyroid glands embryonic development.

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Ana holds a PhD in Immunology from the University of Lisbon and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) in Lisbon, Portugal. She graduated with a BSc in Genetics from the University of Newcastle and received a Masters in Biomolecular Archaeology from the University of Manchester, England. After leaving the lab to pursue a career in Science Communication, she served as the Director of Science Communication at iMM.

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Intrathecal Gene Therapy Use Might Be Safer With 'Silencing' Step - SMA News Today

Nov. 16, 2020 12:30 UTC

- Highly innovative genome editing technology platform accelerates and broadens ElevateBios cell and gene therapy enabling technologies

- LifeEDIT Therapeutics to develop its own pipeline of potentially life-transforming therapeutics

- LifeEDIT Therapeutics to leverage its novel gene editing platform with strategic partners including ElevateBio portfolio companies

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- ElevateBio, a Cambridge-based cell and gene therapy holding company, and AgBiome, a leader in developing innovative products from the Earth's microbial communities, today announced that LifeEDIT Therapeutics has joined ElevateBios growing portfolio of therapeutic, technology and manufacturing companies. LifeEDIT Therapeutics combines a highly innovative genome editing platform, derived from AgBiomes massive proprietary microbial library, with ElevateBios proven expertise in the discovery and development of new cell and gene therapies. LifeEDIT will continue to develop internal cell and gene therapies while further strengthening its platform of diverse genome-editing enzymes and provide gene editing expertise to strategic partners including ElevateBio portfolio companies. AgBiome retains rights for gene editing in agriculture, animal health, and diagnostics.

Genome editing technologies have revolutionized the way we develop cell and gene therapies and regenerative medicines, said Mitchell Finer, Ph.D., President, ElevateBio BaseCamp, and newly appointed Chief Executive Officer, LifeEDIT Therapeutics. However, in order to realize the promise of, and democratize, these highly innovative therapeutic approaches, the field needs to access novel RNA-guided nucleases and base editors that offer greater specificity and broader genome coverage, which LifeEDIT can provide. LifeEDITs genome editing platform is one of the most versatile in the field and was the natural fit as we continue to build a world leading cell and gene therapy offering.

Members of ElevateBio will join the newly formed LifeEDIT Therapeutics management team, which will continue to benefit from its existing visionary scientific leadership and research team. The combined executive team will include:

Over the last 18 months we have built a truly unique platform of numerous RNA-guided nucleases with diverse PAM requirements, for which weve been able to show functional activity, said Tedd Elich, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, LifeEDIT Therapeutics. The wide range of gene editing enzymes across our platform increases our ability to target any genomic sequence of interest and will allow us to tackle some of the most challenging diseases, bringing desperately needed, potentially curative, therapies to patients in need.

"AgBiome's GENESISTM platform is built on our microbial collection, their complete genome sequences, and our industry-best data science platform to identify new useful functions, said Eric Ward Co-Chief Executive Officer, AgBiome. This unique resource formed the basis for the many genome editing technologies that are now part of LifeEDIT Therapeutics. We look forward to continuing to collaborate with the LifeEDIT team as they build a world-class pipeline of clinical candidates and bring a broad array of genome editing technologies to innovators across the biotechnology industry."

About Genome Editing and LifeEDIT Therapeutics Platform

Genome editing technologies have revolutionized the way cell and gene therapies and regenerative medicines are discovered and developed by allowing genetic material to be removed, added, or altered at specific locations in the genome. While these technologies are in widespread use experimentally, enzymes that offer broader coverage and greater specificity are needed for creating novel cell and gene therapies.

To meet the need for better genome editing approaches, LifeEDIT Therapeutics has built one of the worlds largest and most diverse arrays of novel RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs) and base editors that are active in mammalian cells. These RGNs were developed using AgBiomes proprietary collection of more than 90,000 microbes and their complete genomes. LifeEDIT Therapeutics is investigating these proprietary RGNs, which are sourced exclusively from non-pathogenic organisms, to develop new gene editing tools with higher fidelity, novel functionality, reduced immune response risk, and easier delivery. LifeEDIT Therapeutics nuclease collection also has a broad range of Protospacer Adjacent Motifs (PAMs) short sequences that must follow the targeted DNA sequence in order for the enzyme to make cuts that offer unprecedented access to genomic loci of interest. The LifeEDIT Therapeutics RGNs offer flexible editing options which encompass knock-out and knock-in capabilities, transcriptional regulation, and base editing when coupled with its proprietary deaminases.

LifeEDIT Therapeutics next generation editing systems will propel the development of novel human therapeutics by enabling ex vivo engineering for cell therapies and regenerative medicines and in vivo delivery of gene therapies. In addition to developing its own pipeline of cell and gene therapies, LifeEDIT Therapeutics will continue to build its platform of novel nucleases, provide gene editing expertise to strategic partners and ElevateBios portfolio companies, and form other third-party partnerships to discover and develop new therapies.

About ElevateBio

ElevateBio, LLC, is a Cambridge-based creator and operator of a portfolio of innovative cell and gene therapy companies. It begins with an environment where scientific inventors can transform their visions for cell and gene therapies into reality for patients with devastating and life-threatening diseases. Working with leading academic researchers, medical centers, and corporate partners, ElevateBios team of scientists, drug developers, and company builders are creating a portfolio of therapeutics companies that are changing the face of cell and gene therapy and regenerative medicine. Core to ElevateBios vision is BaseCamp, a centralized state-of-the-art innovation and manufacturing center, providing fully integrated capabilities, including basic and translational research, process development, clinical development, cGMP manufacturing, and regulatory affairs across multiple cell and gene therapy and regenerative medicine technology platforms. ElevateBio portfolio companies, as well as select strategic partners, are supported by ElevateBio BaseCamp in the advancement of novel cell and gene therapies.

ElevateBios investors include F2 Ventures, MPM Capital, EcoR1 Capital, Redmile Group, Samsara BioCapital, The Invus Group, Emerson Collective, Surveyor Capital (A Citadel company), EDBI, and Vertex Ventures.

ElevateBio is headquartered in Cambridge, Mass, with ElevateBio BaseCamp located in Waltham, Mass. For more information, please visit http://www.elevate.bio.

About AgBiome

AgBiome partners with the microbial world to improve our planet. AgBiome discovers and develops innovative biological and trait products for crop protection. The proprietary GENESIS discovery platform efficiently captures diverse, unique microbes for agriculturally relevant applications, and screens them with industry-best assays for insect, disease, and nematode control. Through its commercial subsidiary, AgBiome develops and sells proprietary crop protection solutions. The first of these, Howler, is a revolutionary fungicide for disease control in a broad variety of crops. AgBiome and Genective recently formed a strategic partnership to establish a new leader in insect traits, a market with over $5 billion in annual opportunities. AgBiome has a global R&D collaboration with Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (NYSE: ELAN), to develop nutritional health products for swine. AgBiomes investors include Polaris Partners, ARCH Venture Partners, Fidelity Investments Inc., UTIMCO, Pontifax AgTech, Innotech Advisors, Syngenta Ventures, Leaps by Bayer, and Novozymes. For more information, visit http://agbiome.com.

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ElevateBio and AgBiome Announce LifeEDIT Will Join ElevateBio's Portfolio of Innovative Cell and Gene Therapy Companies - BioSpace

Maryland, US headquartered company, Orgenesis, is championing a model that aims to bring down those costs it works with partner hospitals throughout the commercialization process.

The companys CGT platform, consisting of a pipeline of licensed cell and gene therapies, scientific expertise, customised processing systems, and an ecosystem of healthcare providers and research institutes, is designed to provide a pathway for groundbreaking autologous therapies to become commercially available on an industrial scale and at prices accessible to large populations.

Orgenesis business model is one focused on decentralization, enabling precision medicines to be prepared on-site at hospitals. In this way, we can really expedite cell and gene therapy development, said Orgenesis CEO, Vered Caplan.

With operations in the US, Europe, Israel and South Korea, Orgenesis has now created an international network of point of care (POCare) centers to serve patients directly in the hospital setting.

Beyond the US, we have POCare centers in many countries in Europe such as Greece, the Netherlands, Belgium, Slovenia, Italy and Spain; we also have centers in Israel, in Korea and in India and we will be starting up soon in Dubai,said the CEO.

The goal is to make gene and cell therapies feasible for large numbers of patients, said Caplan. We used to work as a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) but we sold that business to Catalent at the beginning of the year.

The centralized processing and supply chain model only served to create a frustrating working environment, with plenty of constraints, said the Orgenesis lead.

We realized very quickly that we couldnt really ramp up to large scale relying on that kind of centralized model, particularly for autologous products, which represent most of the market today. It takes six months to train someone to work in a high-grade cleanroom there is a lot of work and expense involved in that and there is a limited number of patients that can be treated in such cleanrooms the utilization rate is very low - it [centralized processing and supply] is a very inefficient and costly way to supply and to develop medicine there is so much manual work involved, she told BioPharma-Reporter.

The company had been working for a number of years, investing a huge amount of effort in developing a range of automation solutions to supplant those manual processes, as well as building its mobile CGT processing labs and units (OMPULs), she said.

We had been fielding so many requests from hospitals that wanted to collaborate with us, asking us to make or scale up their CAR-T and other therapies. We realized that in order to get this done, we needed to take a decentralized approach and that we needed to provide a solution, not only for one hospital, but for every hospital that wanted these type of therapies; and we saw that such a model brings down the price of the therapy tremendously.

A hospital gives Orgenesis a license to work on the therapy, on the processing; production of the final product is automated and supplied via an on-site point-of-care processing unit. Orgenesis then sets about democratizing the treatment,making it available to any hospital in its POCare network.

The company says the final customized, automated processing system it has developed, with the integrated specific therapy, solves a variety of processing and cost hurdles. It results in a lower required grade of cleanroom, it simplifies facility management requirements, it enables multi-batch processing per cleanroom, which means reduced technical staffing. Moreover, the localized processing eliminates the many logistical difficulties associated with traditional, centralized manufacturing and transport.

Overall, it is said to provide faster turnaround, increased safety, and improved quality control management on-site.

Hospitals really want to supply CGTs, while patients are reading about such treatments and making inquiries of healthcare providers, she added.

Ours is really a combined licensing and service model.

We are like Uber. If you have a car, you want to make some extra revenue, you call up Uber and it gives you the network, the technology and all the operating procedures to be a taxi driver. That is very much what we do in terms of hospitals we give them the ability to be biotech companies, because this is not the standard thing they do, they dont want to take responsibility for cell and gene therapy it is too much for them. They want to treat patients, but they want to have that local supply, so we give them the technology and the capabilities to do that. We give them regulatory support for clinical trials, we give them CRO support, we give them a network - so they can function and do what they need to do, which is to undertake research and treat patients.

Orgenesis intends to leverage its network of regional partners to advance the development and commercialization of its therapeutic pipeline. Towards this end, it said its partners have committed to funding the clinical programs. In turn, the company typically grants its partners geographic rights in exchange for future royalties, and a partnership with Orgenesis to support the supply of the targeted therapies. Through this model, Orgenesis has already signed contracts, which it expect to generate over US$40M in revenue over the next three years, if fully realized.

On the therapeutic front, Orgenesis is focused on several key verticals, including immuno-oncology, anti-viral, and metabolic/auto-immune diseases.

It recently acquired Koligo Therapeutics, with the aim of leveraging Koligos 3D-V bioprinting technology across its POCare Platform. That technology, which utilizes 3D bioprinting and vascularization with autologous cells to create biodegradable and shelf-stable three-dimensional cell and tissue implants, is being developed for diabetes and pancreatitis, with longer term applications for neural, liver, and other cell/tissue transplants.

In February this year, Orgenesis announced that it has entered into a collaboration agreement with the John Hopkins University to utilize the POCare platform to develop and supply a variety of CGTs including cell-based immunotherapy technologies.

And the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) joined its POCare network in January. The collaboration will involve the scale up and integration of UC Davis lentiviral vector process.

Today we are very much in validation mode. Most of the therapies in this space, and the ones we have licensed from the hospitals I think we have about 25 today are all at different stages of clinical development. Some have been used to treat patients but that has all been done under hospital exception.

When we adopt a therapy into the network, we run it through the entire R&D, formal clinical and regulatory processes as [our goal] is a harmonized process, to have the same standard [in our closed systems] at our [POCare] centers, whether that is in Germany or Korea, said the CEO.

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Orgenesis CEO talks disruption: 'We are the Uber of the cell and gene therapy space' - BioPharma-Reporter.com

This week, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced the findings of the Productivity Commission report into mental health. It estimated that the economic cost of mental ill-health and suicide in Australia was up to $70 billion a year, and that disability and early death caused byit cost a further $151 billion a year.

If there has ever been time for a paradigm shift in the way we conceptualise mental health and mental illness, it must be now. As we battle with a global rising tide of mental illness, there should be recognition that radically new approaches are needed to treat these diseases.

Part of the reason that the incidence of mental illness is increasing in the community is because we're now more aware of it, and also because there's far less stigma attached to it than in the past.

Butdespite more people seeking help, there are also more people, globally, committing suicide, with an alarming increase over the past three years after some stability in these figures since the 1970s. And that was before COVID-19 brought its isolation, unemployment, anxiety and illness to our world.

In the same way we now routinely offer personalised precision medicine for cancer treatment with the genetic makeup of an individuals tumour determining treatment rather than broad-brush diagnoses such as lung cancer or breast cancer it'stime to look at psychiatric illness in the same way.

Disorders such as schizophrenia and depression are not single diseases, but labels used to cluster symptoms.

In the case of depression, these symptoms include constant sadness, irritability, hopelessness, decreased energy, and sleeping problems. Schizophrenia has numerous disabling symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, memory and thinking problems, and depression.

Both these conditions have a strong link with family heredity. Depression has a genetic link of approximately 40-70% ,and schizophrenia a genetic link of between 50-80%. The problem is that these disorders, like others such as bipolar disorder and autism, have multiple genes that are in play, which makes fanciful the approach of targeting a single gene with a drug or therapy and hoping to treat everybody.

But what if we had a similar program to that for cancers, which also have multiple genetic causes, dedicated to mental health issues?

Fifty years ago, only one in three people diagnosed with the blood cancer leukaemia would survive a year with the disease. Now, that statistic has been flipped, with at least half surviving up to 10.

The changes are even more remarkable for other cancers, but it was a long slog determining the genes associated with each disease, and developing treatments that targeted each genetic mutation. Then there was the enormous task of being able to determine that genetic mutation, and tailoring treatment for every person diagnosed with cancer.

It was predicted, decades ago, that such an approach might work, but it would be enormously costly. And yet here we are with personalised medicine one of the backbones of oncology.

Of course, psychiatric illness is harder to tackle than cancer. We cant just sample bits of peoples brains to look for genetic mutations. Instead we have to rely on family histories, brain imaging and electrical recordings, blood assays, and the use of animal models to link a disease to a gene(s), and then find a drug that targets that gene.

Melbourne is one of the few places in the world that has these sorts of programs. In 2018, a global study led by University of Melbournes Professor Sam Berkovic examined the DNA of more than 45,000 people with epilepsy, leading to the discovery of 11 genes associated with the disorder, paving the way for drugs that could benefit millions of patients who didn't respond to existing treatments.

At Monash, we have similar programs looking at the genes and proteins that cause schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, with a view to individualising treatments for people with different types of the disease.

We're amida mental illness epidemic, and quicker recognition and providing more treatment for those in need is extremely important. But we need a paradigm shift in the way we tackle mental illness, in the same way those leukaemia researchers did 40 years ago.

Professor Suresh Sundramis a speaker at the From the Front Line: Rethinking Mental Health webinar, at 11.30am on Wednesday, 25 November. You can register for the event here.

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Now is the time for a paradigm shift in how we treat mental ill health Monash Lens - Monash Lens