The demographic characteristics of the subjects
Table 1 indicates the demographic characteristics for all indices. A total of 22,509 subjects aged 50 years were included in the final analysis. The final dataset consisted of 21,426 subjects without MIAP (men = 8869, women = 12,557) and 1083 subjects with MIAP (men = 583, women = 500). The prevalence of MIAP in Korean adults aged 50 years was 4.81% (6.57% for men and 3.98% for women). All other indices analyzed in this study except for ischemic heart disease (IHD) family history (p = 0.588), systolic blood pressure (SBP, p = 0.146), and BMI (p = 0.721) showed statistically significant differences between men and women. We also analyzed the difference between the non-MIAP and MIAP groups. Among the demographic factors, age, education level, occupation, and household income, but not residential area, showed significant differences between the two groups in both men and women. The average age of the MIAP group (men: 65.88 0.46, women: 68.7 0.42) was older than that of the non-MIAP group (men: 60.84 0.12, women: 61.53 0.11). The MIAP group was significantly more likely to have a lower educational level and household income and a higher unemployment rate than the non-MIAP group. In particular, the difference between the non-MIAP and MIAP groups in these indices tended to be more prominent in women than in men. Among the health behavior factors, stress showed a significant difference only in women. The prevalence of 'slight' was the highest in both the non-MIAP group and the MIAP group, but the percentage of very' tended to be higher in the MIAP group than in the non-MIAP group. In addition, alcohol consumption showed significant differences in both men and women, and the MIAP group was more likely to have lower alcohol consumption than the non-MIAP group. Smoking status showed no significant difference between the two groups in both men and women. Among the preliminary health examination and disease-related indices, IHD family history, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia showed significant differences between the two groups in men and women, whereas hypertriglyceridemia showed no significant difference in men (p = 0.095) or women (p = 0.181). In particular, the IHD family history in the MIAP group tended to be 63.10% greater in men and 110.60% greater in women than in the non-MIAP group. Among the health examination-related indices, in men, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), height, BMI, WC, WHtR, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets showed significant differences between the two groups. In women, SBP, DBP, height, BMI, WC, WHtR, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUN, creatinine, WBC, RBC, and platelet showed significant differences between the two groups. SBP was significantly different between the two groups only in women, and the MIAP group was higher than the non-MIAP group, whereas DBP was lower in the MIAP group than the non-MIAP group in men and women. The MIAP group tended to be shorter and have higher weight than the non-MIAP group, but there was no substantial difference. On the other hand, WC was more likely to be larger in the MIAP group than in the non-MIAP group. Although most biochemical indices did not differ significantly between the two groups, the MIAP group was more likely to have lower total cholesterol than the non-MIAP group in men and women.
Tables 2 and 3 show the associations between MIAP and blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and biochemical indices in Korean men and women aged 50 years. Of all indices, total cholesterol showed a more strongly negative association with MIAP than all other indices in men (OR = 0.401 [0.3540.453], p < 0.001) and women (OR = 0.472 [0.4130.539], p < 0.001) in the crude analysis. In addition, this association was strongly maintained in men (adjusted OR = 0.436 [0.3840.495], adjusted p < 0.001) and women (adjusted OR = 0.541 [0.4750.618], adjusted p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, residential areas, education, occupation, household incomes, stress, alcohol consumption, smoking status, IHD family history, and BMI. In addition to total cholesterol, creatine and platelets showed significant associations with MIAP in men and women in the crude and adjusted analyses. Nevertheless, except for these three variables, the association between MIAP and all other variables showed sex differences.
Among blood pressure-related variables, in men, only DBP showed a negative association with MIAP in the crude (OR = 0.614 [0.5510.685], p < 0.001) and adjusted analyses (adjusted OR = 0.719 [0.6380.809], adjusted p < 0.001), whereas only SBP showed a significant association with MIAP in the crude (OR = 0.838 [0.7510.933], p < 0.001) and adjusted (adjusted OR = 1.133 [1.0191.259], adjusted p = 0.022) analyses in women. Of the obesity indices, WC and WHtR showed a significant association with MIAP in the crude and adjusted analyses in men. In particular, WHtR (adjusted OR = 1.325 [1.0821.623], adjusted p = 0.007) showed a more significant association with MIAP than WC (adjusted OR = 1.290 [1.0721.553], adjusted p = 0.007). In contrast, in women, all indices showed a significant association in the crude analysis, but there was no association between MIAP and any obesity index in the adjusted analysis. Among biochemical indices, total cholesterol, creatine, and platelets were associated with MIAP in men and women, but other variables except for these variables showed sex differences. In men, hemoglobin (adjusted OR = 0.749 [0.6770.830], adjusted p < 0.001), hematocrit (adjusted OR = 0.777 [0.7040.858], adjusted p < 0.001), BUN (adjusted OR = 1.077 [1.0001.160], adjusted p = 0.049), and RBC (adjusted OR = 0.787 [0.7090.873], adjusted p < 0.001) were associated with MIAP in the crude and adjusted analyses, whereas in women, only AST (adjusted OR = 1.072 [1.0011.149], adjusted p = 0.047) showed an additional association with MIAP in the crude and adjusted analyses.
Recommendation and review posted by G. Smith
