Category Archives: Resveratrol

The regulatory removal of AGP in Europe has prompted many new additives to appear in nutrition technology, or the reshaping of old additives for new applications. One of the most important segments of newer additives in animal nutrition are plant extracts.

Under this category, both essential oils and non-aromatic plant extracts are grouped together. Often both kinds of ingredients are used as combined additives, as there are claims that their association may have additive or synergistic effects. In this article we will focus on polyphenols.

For the last 10 years, numerous papers on the use of polyphenols in animal nutrition and health have been published. Reviewing them, a summary of potential benefits can be made. Tea polyphenols, a mixture of phenolic compounds found in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), are mainly composed of ()-epicatechin (EC), ()-epigallocatechin (EGC), ()-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and ()-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). These polyphenols have been recognised as potent antioxidants to scavenge cytotoxic ROS and protect normal cells. In a trial using diquat-challenged pigs (Deng, Q J et al.,) tea polyphenols administered through the diet at 500 mg/kg, partially reversed the decreased feed intake, growth rate and improved FCR (Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab). Idiquat injection caused inflammatory interleukins to increase, while the tea polyphenols treatment reduced interleukin secretion, thus demonstrating its effect on controlling inflammation.Tea polyphenols were also shown to reduce the amount of liver lipids and abdominal fat mass, due to enhanced activity of AMP-activated protein kinase that stimulates fat oxidation and reduces lipid synthesis.

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Three commercial products containing polyphenols of different origins were tested in a pathogenic E. coli assay with newly weaned piglets. Animals were orally challenged with the bacterium and assigned to groups. The polyphenol group animals received the products through their diet. Two of the polyphenols controlled diarrhoea and E. coli excretion through faeces.

Resveratrol assays in chickens caused a quadratical response improving average daily gain, antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus, and insulin-like growth factor-1 expression (Zhang, C et al.,). Resveratrol supplementation delayed cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in immunocytes. Dietary resveratrol supplementation improved growth, protected immunocytes against antigen-induced apoptosis, and upregulated immune response in chickens that received conventional vaccinations.

The effect of sweet chestnut tannins on several aspects of animal rearing have been reported. Tests with commercial sweet chestnut extract (Schiavone, A. et al.,) showed improved chicken performance at low and medium dose, and especially in the first phase of rearing. The higher dose demonstrated negative effects. No improvement on nutrient digestibility was observed at any dose.Sweet chestnut tannins showed high inhibitory activity upon Chlostridium perfringens. Other tannins from chestnut, sumach, tara and quebracho were tested against Salmonella,a bacterium responsible for food intoxications. Gallotannins from sumach and tara, and ellagitannins from chestnut wood showed inhibitory activity in vitro.

In pigs, the effect of sweet chestnut tannins caused lower oxidation in the meat after slaughter, with no impact on growth or performance.

Grape skins and seeds are a rich source of flavonoids and studies have shown flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants by scavenging free radicals and terminating oxidative reactions. When applied to poultry diets, together with vitamin E, there was no effect on growth rate or performance, but liver tocopherol increased and meat oxidation after slaughter decreased.

Grape polyphenols can constitute a novel source of antioxidant for poultry, reducing lipid oxidation of meat. Grape seed polyphenols (Viveros) administered to chickens caused increased microbial diversity in several segments of the intestine. Additionally, gut morphology improved, which may lead to improved gut functionality. Grape polyphenols increased body weight and growth efficiency in chronically heat-stressed animals and reduced the gene expression of heat shock proteins, indicating a beneficial impact of polyphenols for animals reared in hot climates.

Inflammation

Inflammatory syndromes may be linked to the use of unsaturated oils as energy sources in pigs and poultry, especially from vegetable sources. Inflammation (Gessner K et al.) is a natural reaction when microbial toxins or toxic chemicals from feed come into contact with tissues in the intestinal environment, where this reaction may damage the tight junction. This structure regulates the paracellular absorption route, and its damage opens up the passage to toxins and microorganisms that invade the inner layers of the intestine, creating a protein- and energy-consuming response from the body. Polyphenols (Zhu, C.) may help in maintaining the integrity of this critical structure.

Antioxidation

Flavonoids (one type of polyphenol) scavenge free radicals and act as strong antioxidants and chelators of minerals (Foti MC). They also activate antioxidant enzymes, reduce alpha-tocopherol radicals and inhibit oxidases. This improves metabolic processes and, in general, animal productive behaviour.

The antioxidant activity of polyphenols appears to complement vitamin E activity.

Lowering the antioxidant status in production animals extends beyond the growth phase. Some studies (Brenes, A. et al.,) show that meat quality improves and shelf life extends when animals are supplied with polyphenols in the diet.

Gut microbiology and structure

Polyphenols and their metabolites can affect the intestinal ecology modulating microbiota (Etxeberria, U. et al.,). In this sense, several phenolic compounds have been identified as potential antimicrobial agents with bacteriostatic or bactericidal actions (Elizondo and Costabile, A et al.,). Some phenolic compounds may have potential to be applied as antimicrobial agents against infections.

Microbiota modification and gut structure improvement is critical to modern nutrition practice. One of the effects reported from the use of polyphenols is decreased apoptosis, or cell death. Decreased apoptotic rates means less energy and protein use for cell replacement, and more left for animal development. All in all, a net benefit for the animal and the producer.

Science continues to demonstrate the benefits of using natural polyphenol ingredients for the health of animals and the production of cleaner meat products. TruGro is one source for natural polyphenol ingredients for animal feed. TruGro ingredients, and expert formulation advice are available from Layn (www.layncorp.com).

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Use of natural extracts as feed additives - All about feed

Do you often have a hard time falling asleep at night? Perhaps youre able to fall asleep relatively quickly but find yourself waking up a couple hours later and end up staring at the clock for many hours to come. Acute insomnia is something that 25% of Americans will experience each year, taking a toll not just on your physical wellbeing but also your mental wellbeing.

A lack of sleep will affect your ability to focus, concentrate, do your job properly, converse with others, feel happy, and even fight off illness. In other words, a lack of sleep isnt something to be taken lightly. This is exactly why one company is working hard to improve not just the quality of sleep Americans have but also the duration of this sleep. NeuroSciences Kavinace OS has been developed to improve the onset, duration, and efficiency of sleep that is caused by oxidative stress.

What is Oxidative Stress?

Oxidative stress isnt something that is often talked about, but it certainly deserves attention. Oxidative stress happens when the production of free radicals and your bodys counter action to detoxify them becomes imbalanced. At that point, the free radicals can take over and cause health issues such as chronic fatigue syndrome, inflammatory diseases, heart attack, heart failure, and much more.

Keeping your body balanced and ensuring that it is able to fight any free radicals that are being produced will help ensure overall health.

There has been plenty of information that shows a link between oxidative stress and sleep and, in particular, how it regulates sleep. Considering that a lack of sleep has been linked to a shorter lifespan, it becomes even clearer that addressing your insomnia is wise.

How Kaviance OS Can Help You Get a Better Sleep

This brings us to the innovative product from NeuroScience, Kavinace oxidative stress (OS), which addresses the issue of balancing the body. Labeled as a sleep supplement, Kavinace OS is meant to improve the onset, duration, and efficiency of your sleep. It uses a blend of key ingredients to accomplish these results, including zinc, magnesium, melatonin, selenium, Resveratrol, L- Theanine, and Astaxanthin.

The way it works is that you take the supplement before bed and then enjoy better quality sleep overall. It comes in capsule form so that it is quick and easy to take, plus it makes the supplement travel-friendly as you can throw it in your toiletry bag.

Be Sure to Take Additional Measures

While the Kavinace OS can certainly help to bring balance back to your body and allow you to combat oxidative stress, its also wise to take further steps in combating insomnia. Tips such as creating a set, night-time routine that you consistently follow, going to bed on time each and every night, finding a way to wind down before bed, and cutting out stimulants too close to bedtime can all be beneficial.

A lack of sleep isnt something to turn a blind eye to it begs for attention and solutions, and luckily, there are some great solutions out there.

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How One Company Is Working To Improve The Quality & Duration Of Sleep For Americans - GirlTalkHQ

Its not uncommon to look for ways to boost your sex drive.

Although some pharmaceutical drugs like Viagra may help, many people prefer natural alternatives that are readily available, discreet, and likely to have fewer side effects.

Interestingly, research has shown that several foods and supplements may help boost your libido and treat erectile dysfunction.

Here are 7 foods and supplements that may act like Viagra to boost your libido.

Tribulus terrestris is a small leafy plant whose roots and fruit are popular in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine (1).

Its also widely available as a sports supplement and commonly marketed to boost testosterone levels and improve sex drive.

While human studies havent shown that it can raise testosterone levels, it appears to increase sex drive in both men and women.

In a 90-day study in women reporting low sexual pleasure, taking 750 mg of Tribulus terrestris daily increased sexual satisfaction in 88% of participants (2).

Whats more, a 2-month study in men revealed that taking 7501,500 mg of Tribulus terrestris daily improved sexual desire in 79% of them (3).

However, studies in men with erectile dysfunction show mixed results.

One study found that taking 800 mg of this supplement daily for 30 days did not treat erectile dysfunction. Conversely, in another study, taking 1,500 mg daily for 90 days improved erections, as well as sexual desire (4, 5).

As such, more research is needed on Tribulus terrestris and erectile dysfunction.

Tribulus terrestris may help raise libido in men and women. Yet, results regarding its ability to treat erectile dysfunction are inconsistent, so more research is needed.

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a root vegetable traditionally used to enhance fertility and sex drive. You can buy supplements in various forms, including powders, capsules, and liquid extracts.

A 12-week study noted that 42% of men who took 1,5003,000 mg of maca daily experienced an increased sex drive (6).

Furthermore, in a review of 4 studies in 131 people, taking maca consistently for at least 6 weeks improved sexual desire. It also helped treat mild erectile dysfunction in men (7).

Additionally, some evidence suggests that maca may help combat the loss in libido that may occur as a side effect of certain antidepressant drugs (8).

Most studies found that taking 1.53.5 grams daily for at least 212 weeks was sufficient to boost libido (6, 7).

Maca may help boost libido and improve erectile function in men with mild erectile dysfunction.

Ginseng and red ginseng in particular may aid low libido and improve sexual function.

A 20-week study in 32 menopausal women found that taking 3 grams of red ginseng per day significantly improved sexual desire and function, compared with a placebo (9).

In addition, red ginseng may boost the production of nitric oxide, a compound that aids blood circulation and helps muscles in the penis relax. In fact, studies have revealed that this herb was at least twice as effective as a placebo at enhancing erectile function (10, 11, 12).

However, other studies have found no effect of red ginseng on libido or sexual function, and some experts question the strength of these studies (13, 14, 15).

Thus, more research is needed.

Red ginseng is generally well tolerated but may cause side effects, such as headaches and upset stomach. It may also interact with medications like blood thinners, so those who take them may want to consult a medical professional before use (10).

Red ginseng may boost libido and enhance erectile function, though more research is needed.

Fenugreek is a popular herb in alternative medicine that may help enhance libido and improve sexual function.

It contains compounds that your body may use to produce sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone (16, 17).

A 6-week study in 30 men found that supplementing with 600 mg of fenugreek extract daily increased strength and improved sexual function (18).

Similarly, an 8-week study in 80 women with low libido determined that taking 600 mg of fenugreek daily significantly improved sexual arousal and desire, compared with the placebo group (19).

That said, very few human studies have examined fenugreek and libido, so more research is needed.

In addition, this herb interacts with blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin. If youre on a blood thinner, you should speak with your medical practitioner before taking fenugreek (20).

Fenugreek may boost libido in both men and women by encouraging the production of sex hormones.

Saffron is a delicious spice derived from the Crocus sativus flower.

Its many traditional uses range from reducing stress to acting as an aphrodisiac, especially for people on antidepressants.

A 4-week study in 38 women with a low libido on antidepressants found that taking 30 mg of saffron daily significantly improved several sexual issues, such as decreased arousal and lubrication, compared to a placebo (21).

Similarly, in a 4-week study in 36 men who struggled with desire and arousal related to antidepressant use, taking 30 mg of saffron daily significantly improved erectile function, compared with taking a placebo (22).

Whats more, a review of 5 studies in 173 people noted that saffron significantly improved various aspects of sexual pleasure, desire, and arousal in men and women (23).

However, in people who dont have depression or are not taking antidepressants, results are mixed (24).

Saffron may boost libido in people on antidepressants, but its effects are inconsistent in those not taking these drugs.

Gingko biloba is a popular herbal supplement in traditional Chinese medicine.

It may treat various issues, including sexual disorders like erectile dysfunction and low libido, as it can raise blood levels of nitric oxide, which aids blood flow by promoting the expansion of blood vessels (25, 26).

That said, studies in humans reveal mixed results.

One 4-week study in 63 people found that taking an average dose of 209 mg of gingko biloba daily helped treat antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction low levels of desire, arousal, and/or pleasure in 84% of participants (27).

However, several other studies have shown that gingko biloba had little to no impact on libido or other aspects of sexual dysfunction (28, 29, 30).

Gingko biloba may treat various aspects of sexual dysfunction because it can raise levels of nitric oxide. However, studies are inconsistent.

L-citrulline is an amino acid naturally produced by your body.

Your body then converts it into L-arginine, which helps improve blood flow by producing nitric oxide to dilate your blood vessels. This, in turn, may treat erectile dysfunction (31).

For example, a small, monthlong study in 24 men with mild erectile dysfunction found that taking 1.5 grams of L-citrulline daily significantly improved symptoms in 50% of participants (32).

In another 30-day study in men, taking a daily combination of 800 mg of L-citrulline and 300 mg of trans-resveratrol improved erectile function and hardness, compared with the placebo treatment (33).

Trans-resveratrol, commonly known as resveratrol, is a plant compound that functions as an antioxidant and is linked to numerous health benefits.

L-citrulline is available as a dietary supplement in capsule or powder form but is naturally present in foods like watermelon, dark chocolate, and nuts.

L-citrulline may aid men with erectile dysfunction because it can raise blood nitric oxide levels.

Several other foods and supplements are commonly promoted as libido-boosting. However, they dont have as much supporting evidence.

Here are several foods that may boost your libido:

Many other foods and supplements may boost libido, but theyre supported by less scientific evidence.

If youre looking to boost your sex drive, youre not alone.

A few foods and supplements may even act as aphrodisiacs, including tribulus, maca, red ginseng, fenugreek, saffron, gingko biloba, and L-citrulline.

Due to limited human research, its unclear how these foods and supplements compare with pharmaceutical libido boosters like Viagra.

That said, most of these are well tolerated and widely available, making them easy to incorporate into your daily routine.

Keep in mind some of these libido-boosting foods and supplements may interact with certain drugs. If you take medication, you may want to consult a medical professional beforehand.

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Nature's Viagra: 7 Foods and Supplements to Boost Your Libido - Healthline

In a global survey conducted on wine consumption, it has been found that more alcoholic people are relying on consuming red wine in order to improve their health. Since many studies have supported the benefits of drinking wine for heart health, people across the world are preferring to consume wine in order to satisfy their need for drinking.

It has been a tradition to drink wine on different occasions in order to celebrate moments with friends and family. Wine helps to relax a person both mentally and physically by making him feel relaxed. Different wine companies are witnessing huge growth due to the rising demand for wine at a global level. The younger generation enjoys the largest share out of all age groups when it comes to drinking wine.

With the advent of technology, it has become possible for companies to spread the word about the variety of wines made available by them. Major US regions such as California, Las Vegas, have been seeing the establishment of wine companies offering high-quality wine at the best prices to help people enjoy drinking wine. The presence of antioxidants in red wine helps to remove free radicals from the body in order to deal with many health problems.

According to researchers at Harvard Medical School, resveratrol present in wine acts as an anti-aging agent which helps a person to look younger in the old age. In addition to this, a glass of wine on a daily basis helps to reduce the chances of stroke, heart attack, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Drinking wine also helps to boost bone density, immune system, and it also improves cognitive functions to help a person participate in daily life activities effectively.

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Alcoholic People are Shifting to Drinking Red Wine Daily to Improve their Health - One World Herald

Resveratrol is the polyphenol everyone has heard of because of the French paradox, hoping that drinking a bit of wine every day may indeed be healthy. Resveratrol does have some antioxidant and heart-protective properties. However, its bioavailability is poor and most of its purported benefits have not been confirmed in humans. Read this science-based review to learn more.

Resveratrol is a small polyphenol that came to scientific attention during the 1990s. Since then, it has been hyped by supplement manufacturers and news outlets alike.

This compound has been nicknamed the French Paradox in a bottle since resveratrol is found in red wine that the French like to consume it in not-so-moderate quantities alongside a diet high in saturated fats. Yet, the French have very low rates of heart disease [1].

While the resveratrol in red wine is unlikely to fully account for the paradox, some scientists say it may be a contributing factor [1].

Resveratrol is high in grape skin, as grapes produce resveratrol in defense against toxins and parasites. It is also found in various berries, peanuts, soy, and Itadori tea made from Japanese Knotweed [2].

Limited studies have explored its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and phytoestrogen activity. Resveratrol does hold some potential for improving chronic diseases. Researchers are also exploring its ability to mimic the effects of caloric restriction in animals, which might affect lifespan [3, 1].

Clinical studies suggest that resveratrol is likely safe. However, no long-term studies have been done with humans [1].

Resveratrol also has one major flaw: poor bioavailability. Resveratrol is absorbed into the blood from the gut a bit better than other polyphenols (such as quercetin). But it gets broken down fast, leaving little free resveratrol in the bloodstream. Scientists say that this is one reason why a lot of the findings from animals and cells might not apply to humans [1].

Additionally, resveratrol supplements have not been approved by the FDA for medical use. Supplements generally lack solid clinical research. Regulations set manufacturing standards for them but dont guarantee that theyre safe or effective. Speak with your doctor before supplementing.

Scientists believe resveratrol may have dual antioxidant activity: as a direct antioxidant and as a compound that may increase other antioxidant enzymes, genes, and pathways.

Antioxidant claims underlie many of its purported health benefits. Based on this theory, oxidative stress and inflammation trigger or worsen numerous diseases from heart disease and diabetes to cancer and cognitive decline [1].

Resveratrol increased antioxidant enzymes in cellular and animal studies, including the following:

At the same time, limited studies suggest that resveratrol reduces free radicals and inflammatory substances (including iNOS, Myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase) [R, R, R, R].

Aside from its indirect antioxidant effects on inflammation, resveratrol is theorized to affect specific inflammatory processes.

For one, it may block inflammatory COX enzymes, which are also the main target of commonly used painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs like Motrin). However, resveratrols mechanism and anti-inflammatory potential hasnt been clinically confirmed [6].

Some scientists suspect that resveratrol also blocks the following inflammatory players (in animals or cells):

Resveratrol may not be the philosophers stone that will confer you immortality, but it scientists are looking to see if it can beneficially impact some important aging-related disease pathways.

Based on animal and cellular research, they hypothesize that resveratrol may combat some age-related disorders by [10, 11]:

Well present some interesting aging-related resveratrol research and hypotheses below. Nonetheless, the whole anti-aging theory of resveratrol remains unproven.

One of the theories scientists use to explain aging involves so-called cellular senescence. With aging, cells become senescent and less resilient to stress, they lose their function and start producing inflammatory substances [12].

This loss of function and inflammation on a cellular level then extends to organs and tissues: the brain, heart, muscles, skin, and gut and the body as a whole also start to degenerate and lose function, especially if the body cannot or does not eliminate the dysfunctional cells through a process called autophagy [12].

SIRT1 is an enzyme that can turn off genes that trigger cellular senescence. Scientists are wondering if, by activating SIRT1, resveratrol may epigenetically hinder the aging process, at least based on cellular studies [1, 13].

Autophagy is a normal process that triggers the destruction of damaged cells, recycling the products of broken-down cells to make new and healthy ones. Autophagy is our bodys main Quality Control Officer.

Some theories have linked aging and age-related diseases to impaired autophagy. Though these theories are still a topic of research, they have yet to be confirmed or rejected.

Autophagy theories also led to the recent boom in caloric-restriction practices. Caloric restriction is said to promote longevity and healthy aging by activating autophagy [14].

However, caloric restriction is not safe for everyone. It may be especially tricky for older or thin people who struggle to get enough nutrients in their daily diet.

In animal studies, resveratrol confers similar benefits to caloric restriction and increases autophagy induction without the need to reduce daily calorie intake. These effects have not been investigated in humans yet [14].

Glial cells, specifically astrocytes, provide support and protection to neurons and their damage or dysfunction is linked to many brain-related diseases [15].

One of the ways in which astrocytes protect neurons is by removing excess glutamate (a neurotransmitter) from synapses and the extracellular space that surrounds neurons. Excess glutamate in the brain can lead to excitotoxicity and ultimately neuronal damage or even death [15].

In a cellular study, resveratrol increased their glutamate uptake. Theoretically, this is linked to better protection from brain degeneration and stroke. However, we cant draw this conclusion from a cell-based study [15].

In animal studies, resveratrol reduced seizures and protected the hippocampus, the brains main memory hub. It also increases IGF-1 in the hippocampus, which may improve cognition [16, 17].

One research group suggested that resveratrol may protect the brain by acting on the gut-brain axis [18].

According to this unproven theory, resveratrols potential benefits may not even depend on it being absorbed and passing the blood-brain barrier. In mice, resveratrol stimulated gut nerves, which passed the signal on to the hippocampus. Resveratrol was undetectable in the hippocampus, it improved cognition only by activating nerves in the gut [18].

In a study on brain cells, resveratrol increased the activity of the antioxidant gene heme-oxygenase 1, which protects the brain from damage. The effect was enhanced by melatonin [5].

In mice with late-onset Alzheimers disease, long-term resveratrol supplementation reduced cognitive impairment and disease biomarkers. It could also activate AMPK, which maintains energy balance in the brain under challenging conditions [19, 20].

Nonetheless, clinical studies have not yet examined the effects of resveratrol on brain health. Thus, this purported benefit remains unproven.

Limited evidence suggests that red wine, in moderation, supports heart health. Additional, large-scale studies are needed to determine the specific effects of resveratrol, especially in people with blood pressure and heart problems.

In 67 men at high heart disease risk, alcohol-free red wine reduced blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic) after 4 weeks. It increased nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels. Regular red wine (9 oz glass/day) also slightly reduced blood pressure and increase nitric oxide, but less so than dealcoholized wine. A control group that only drank gin didnt see any benefits [21].

One analysis of 19 studies concluded that drinking 1 2 glasses of wine daily (150 300 ml) reduces heart disease risk [22].

Interestingly, based on the first study, the alcohol in red wine may actually reduce the beneficial effect of resveratrol and other polyphenols. This especially holds true for people who already have high blood pressure or those at high risk.

In healthy people, though, moderate intake of red wine may indeed improve heart health. In a study of 80 healthy, young people, a smaller amount of red wine (100 ml/day) over 3 weeks boosted blood vessel health, nitric oxide, and the number of cells that regenerate blood vessels (endothelial progenitor cells). Drinking water, beer, or vodka didnt achieve these effects [23].

In cells, resveratrol increased the enzyme that makes nitric oxide (NO synthase) [24].

According to animal and cellular studies, resveratrol also reduces the formation of plaques in arteries, known as atherosclerosis. It also reduces the clumping of platelets, reduces blood lipids, and lowers inflammatory substances that increase risk of atherosclerosis [25].

In cells, resveratrol increases the expression of the PON1 gene, which reduces inflammation and helps detox pesticides and drugs [26].

Some scientists believe that the gut microbiome can also protect against diseases of the arteries [27].

In one study, resveratrol protected blood vessels in mice without APOE, stopped harmful bacteria in their gut from secreting harmful oxidative substances (like TMAO), and balanced their microbiome. It increased beneficial gut bacteria (such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), which raised the production of bile acids [27].

According to some, resveratrol may counter lower bile acid production and the weaker ability to eliminate cholesterol in people with heart disease. However, clinical trials are lacking to support such claims [28].

One study suggested that resveratrol helps with glucose metabolism. In 11 healthy but obese men, resveratrol (150 mg/day) increased insulin sensitivity and lowered blood sugar levels after 30 days [29].

However, additional clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, existing evidence does not support the use of resveratrol for lowering blood sugar.

It also raised SIRT1 and PGC-1a levels. SIRT is an enzyme crucial for turning off harmful genes that increase fat deposits, blood sugars, and inflammation in the body, while PGC-1a supports healthy mitochondria [29].

Resveratrol lowered blood sugars in studies on rats with diabetes. It prompts cells to take in more glucose, which reduces insulin resistance. Resveratrol also protects the insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas, which helps increase insulin when its low and decrease it when its too high [30].

Scientists have yet to explore resveratrols effects on insulin resistance and diabetes in humans.

No clinical evidence supports the use of resveratrol in people who struggle with obesity. The existing animal research should guide future human studies.

In mice fed a high-fat diet, resveratrol reduced oxidative stress and prevented the death of protective immune cells called Tregs [31].

Resveratrol stopped fat cells from making new fats and triggered their death, in cell-based studies. It accomplishes this by turning off genes that cause weight gain (such as PPAR gamma) while activating genes that enhance energy use and mitochondrial health (SIRT3, UCP1) [32, 33].

Additionally, resveratrol may boost weight loss by blocking several key fat-creating enzymes (called fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase) [32].

This purported benefit remains unproven.

Stem cells in the connective tissue are presented with several possibilities: to develop into fat cells, bone-building cells, joint, or muscle cells. Resveratrol activates the fat-burning pathway (SIRT1), which blocks genes that increase fat storage (PPAR gamma). This epigenetic shift causes stem cells to develop into bone-building cells, which may boost bone health [34].

According to some, resveratrol may synergize with Vitamin D and vitamin K2 to protect the bones and increase their mineralization [35].

The effects of resveratrol on cancer prevention in humans are unknown.

Scientists are investigating resveratrol for its potential to prevent cancer, especially liver cancer and some other cancer cell types [36, 37, 38].

In mice, resveratrol applied to the skin before UVB exposure prevented skin cancers. Given orally, it was active against esophageal cancer in rats [39, 40].

Since resveratrol is an antioxidant phytoestrogen, some scientists are investigating its effects on breast cancer. In cells, it blocks the enzyme aromatase, which makes estrogen. High activity of this enzyme and high estrogen levels worsens a common type of breast cancer that has receptors for estrogen (receptor-positive or ER+) [41, 42].

In animal studies, resveratrol prevented and reduced the growth of breast cancer. Clinical studies have not yet determined its efficacy and safety in breast cancer patients [41].

Aside from its hormonal effects, scientists are wondering whether resveratrol can regulate another cancer enzyme called topoisomerase II. In cells from a deadly brain tumor (glioblastoma), resveratrol blocked the activity of this cancer enzyme, which should guide further research efforts [43].

Researchers are investigating the effects of resveratrol on liver disease and bile flow. In animals, it prevented and improved Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and improved conditions of obstructed bile flow (by blocking MMP-2 and MMP-9). It also prevents liver damage in animals with sepsis, or blood poisoning from serious infections. Clinical trials are needed [44, 45, 8].

According to some unproven theories, resveratrol may increase muscle-building pathways and block processes that degrade proteins (proteolysis). For example, it increased the size of fish and enhanced their muscle growth in one study [46].

In another study, resveratrol supplementation enhanced the exercise training response, upper muscle strength, and aerobic performance in rats [47].

Scientists are questioning if its effects stem from epigenetic changes like activating fat- and sugar-burning sirtuins (SIRT1) and other molecules that heighten energy levels (AMPK and PGC-a). Future studies might give us some answers [47].

In mice, high-dose resveratrol had a good anti-radiation effect. It prevented the decline in bone marrow and white blood cells from radiation, helping to maintain proper immune function. It also increased the antioxidant and detox enzyme SOD without causing adverse effects. These effects remain completely unproven in humans, though [48].

Scientists found that noise increases free radicals, which can cause ear damage and hearing loss. In mice exposed to damaging noise, resveratrol protected against hearing loss by neutralizing free radicals and improving blood flow in the ears [49].

In a different rat study, resveratrol prevented ear damage from the toxic chemotherapy drug cisplatin [50].

Clinical research is needed.

According to one research team, resveratrol may help balance the response to estrogen, which affects reproductive health in both men and women.

In male rats, resveratrol increased testosterone and sperm count without any adverse effects. Scientists think it may activate the HPG hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that controls sex hormone release from the hypothalamus via the pituitary in the brain [51].

In women, resveratrol may act in a somewhat different way. In one trial of 40 postmenopausal women, resveratrol (1g/day for 12 weeks) didnt affect estrogen or testosterone but increased the protein that binds sex hormones and carries them through the blood (SHBG) by 10%. It also improved estrogen metabolism, which may lower the risk of breast cancer [52].

In animals, it blocks the enzyme that makes estrogen (aromatase) and mildly activates estrogen receptors. Resveratrol binds to estrogen receptors much weaker than estrogen does, which has a balancing effect: it may help increase estrogen-like activity when this female sex hormone is low (as after menopause) or decrease it when its too high. More human studies are needed [53, 54].

In a clinical trial of 20 people with acne, a gel with resveratrol showed positive results over 2 months. It reduced acne severity by almost 70% and improved overall skin health by over 50% with no adverse effects. The team discovered that cosmetic products with resveratrol are stable and dont degrade when kept in the fridge (at 4C/40F) [55].

Resveratrol has some virus-fighting action, according to cell-based or animal studies. It was effective against:

However, clinical studies are lacking and the effects of resveratrol on viral infections in humans remains unknown.

Resveratrol was researched against the Candida albicans yeast in a cell-based study [59].

Resveratrol was active against MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in bacterial samples from infected patients. Scientists are investigating its synergy with luteolin and quercetin. In other cell-based studies, resveratrol showed antibacterial activity against:

Clinical research should determine if these flavonoids have the potential to be used as part of complementary approaches in people with certain bacterial infections [64].

Resveratrol alone and by SIRT1 activation might increase sensitivity to vitamin D. Resveratrol can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which increases the response to vitamin D and its activity in the body [65, 66].

Resveratrol increases the binding of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) to VDR and activates the retinoid receptors (RXR), which are crucial for the proper activity of vitamin D [65].

Resveratrol is being researched for reducing pain and inflammation. In animal studies, resveratrol given directly into the brain reduced the sensitivity of pain. Its pain-relieving effects could be to its ability to block COX-1 and COX-2 inflammatory enzymes, the same targets of commonly used NSAID painkillers [67].

Oral resveratrol also reduced pain and inflammation in mice, but injections had a stronger effect. In another study, resveratrol decreased hard-to-treat neuropathic pain in mice [68, 69].

While its oral bioavailability is still unclear, some people suggest that a way to bypass this is to use resveratrol creams locally, applied directly to painful areas such as joints or the back.

Although resveratrol can penetrate the skin, its unlikely that the concentrations present in most cosmetic products can have any effect [70].

Resveratrol blocked the enzymes that take noradrenaline and serotonin back into brain cells from neurons in rat brains, which increases their concentration in the synapse. By increasing serotonin activity in the brain, resveratrol may boost mood at least theoretically [71].

Resveratrol also blocks MAO (MAO-A and MAO-B), an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which is equally important for mood [71].

Resveratrol blocks MAO-A more than MAO-B (in rat brains) [71].

MAO-A is the warrior gene because some of its genetic variations (2R and 3R) are linked to increased violence and aggressiveness. This gene codes for the enzyme MAOA that breaks down neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine.

High levels of this enzyme may imply fewer neurotransmitters available in the brain. This is because more neurotransmitters are being broken down at a faster rate.

On the other hand, low levels of this enzyme imply more neurotransmitters.

MAO-A balance is key: you dont want it to be too high or too low because both situations may have negative effects.

Based on this, some people claim that resveratrol is better-suited for those predisposed to high MAO activity, as it blocks this enzyme and can compensate for potentially low neurotransmitter levels.

If youre curious to learn more, you can upload your genotype file to SelfDecode and look at the following SNPs:

MAO-B is similar to MAO-A but plays a more important role in the risk for Parkinsons Disease and Alzheimers. Overactivity of this gene may lower levels of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in areas of the brain important for the onset of these diseases. Resveratrol also blocks MAOB, but the effect is more modest [71].

You may not have heard of mTOR, but is one of the bodys key regulators behind the scenes. This enzyme controls the activity of over 800 other proteins [72]!

Read more:

21 Resveratrol Benefits + Dosage, Side Effects - SelfHacked

Propelled to fame from a multitude of studies on the phytochemical properties of plants, resveratrol more than lives up to its reputation. Experts have called this unique antioxidant a fountain of youth for its effectiveness against a variety of age-related conditions.

Researchers first became interested in resveratrol when studying the French paradox" in the late 1980s: French diets were high in fatty foods, yet overall, French people experience low rates of heart disease. Scientists set out to discover why.

Soon, they found a compound in red wine, which was then isolated from the skin of grapes. The next task was to figure out how it worked in the body.

Since that time of first discovery, studies have revealed the many benefits of resveratrol, including boosting heart health, supporting normal brain function, and promoting healthy aging. The compound has powerful antioxidant effects, thereby supporting health at the cellular level.

In this post, we're going to explore 10 facts about resveratrol including what it is, where you can find it, and whether you should get it regularly from your diet.

Resveratrol is a phenolic compound called a stilbene; plants produce these in response to injury, infection, fungal attack, or ultraviolet radiation. The very compounds that protect plants can also protect you.

Most phenols, including stilbenes like resveratrol, are brightly colored, aromatic, and good for your health.

Most stilbenes come from berries and grapes. They have strong antioxidant benefits, counteracting the daily "oxidative stress" that damages cells.

Resveratrol, one stilbene compound, promotes bone, cardiovascular, and liver health. This unique nutrient also supports healthy aging, improves cognitive function, and normalizes hormone production.[1]

Resveratrol exists primarily in two forms, a trans and a cis form. These forms are isomers compounds with the same number and types of atoms but arranged in different structures.

Cis and trans isomers, specifically, have atoms joined in the same order, but in a slightly different geometric configuration. That change makes cis isomers polar carrying an electrical charge and water-soluble, and trans molecules non-polar and fat-soluble.

This gives them quite different properties, including bioavailability essentially, the degree and rate at which your body absorbs them after going through the digestive system, liver, and bloodstream. Below, we break down the differences plus describe a third form.

Because trans-resveratrol is fat-soluble, it binds to lipoproteins (fat-containing proteins), which allows it to easily cross cell membranes. However, the body metabolizes and eliminates it quickly, so its bioavailability is relatively low at around 25 percent but higher than cis-resveratrol.

A double bond isomer of trans-resveratrol, this molecule is polar and soluble in water, so it less easily enters cells and is less easily used by the body. You will sometimes find it as a filler in poor quality, less pure supplements.

This form is found in wine, but also in your gut after you consume trans-resveratrol. The probiotic microbes in your digestive tract interact with trans-resveratrol, metabolizing it into dihydro-resveratrol.

Resveratrol is perhaps best known for its positive effects on heart health, but studies have also linked it to a number of other impressive health benefits.

Let's explore 10 ways resveratrol promotes health and longevity.

Chances are, you've heard that drinking red wine is good for cardiovascular health. You may not know that experts believe resveratrol is the ingredient responsible for this positive effect on your heart.

Resveratrol helps normalize levels of bad cholesterol," or low-density lipoprotein (LDL).[2] Keeping bad cholesterol at healthy levels protects you against the plaque buildup in your arteries that can lead to heart attack or stroke.

Additionally, resveratrol helps maintain normal blood pressure. In particular, it relaxes blood vessels, which keeps your systolic blood pressure at normal levels; systolic is the upper number on your blood pressure reading, and it tells you the tension in your arteries as blood gets pumped through.[3]

Your blood pressure and cholesterol tend to gradually rise with age, and taking this healthy antioxidant supplement may help people enjoy their golden years with a happy heart.

Want a brain boost? Help is on the horizon. Some experts consider resveratrol a nootropic, a substance that helps enhance memory and brain health.

Unlike some other antioxidants, trans-resveratrol crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it can directly enter into brain cells. This allows for positive, direct support for neural health including the brain plus the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Researchers have found that resveratrol increases blood flow to the brain.[4] When you have increased blood flow, you get more oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to your brain. This, in turn, helps maintain "cognitive function" the ability to think clearly, have a healthy memory, and stay focused.[5]

One study of 23 older adults observed significant improvements in memory among participants taking resveratrol.[6] The compound offered the additional benefit of improving the study participants glucose metabolism and concluded that resveratrol could help maintain brain health as we age.[6]

Reducing calories by 30 percent, whether by intermittent fasting or simply reducing how much you eat, supports health and longevity. Caloric restriction and fasting can advance longevity by 40 percent or more in some species. When you restrict calories, the body goes into a defensive state that has long helped humans and other living organisms survive adversity fascinating!

Resveratrol mimics the health effects of fasting or calorie-reduction, which may help you lose weight. It does this by stimulating adiponectin creation, the same hormone that increases in individuals practicing caloric restriction.[7]

Adiponectin promotes metabolic and cardiovascular health through weight loss, lipid metabolism, and regulation of blood sugar levels.

In other words, adiponectin helps maintain normal blood sugar, helps your heart, and helps you lose weight. Because resveratrol stimulates adiponectin, you get the benefits of both.

As an antioxidant, resveratrol counteracts some of the damage that free radicals cause to your cells. Your body is constantly exposed to free radicals from various sources, ranging from chemical pesticides in your food and water to the sun's UV rays or just from normal aging.

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals that enter your body from the environment and the antioxidants in your body that work to eliminate them.

This oxidative stress is responsible for some of the things that go along with your body's age-related changes. Lucky for us, studies have noted resveratrol's ability to reduce oxidative stress from free radical damage.

One 2011 study evaluated how 20 human volunteers responded to resveratrol and placebo (a sugar pill) over six weeks. Those who received resveratrol had reduced oxidative stress and lower levels of swelling and redness commonly associated with a number of age-related diseases.[8]

In another study, resveratrol eliminated oxidative stress and had neuroprotective effects.[9]

As men age, their testosterone levels often decrease. Low testosterone levels can have a negative impact on a man's physical and mental well-being.

Research indicates resveratrol positively affects reproductive function in men. Studies have found it can increase blood testosterone levels.[10]

The study also found resveratrol supplementation helps support normal, healthy fertility in men. While this is good news for men of reproductive age, older men could benefit as well. Testosterone strengthens bones, increases muscle mass, and encourages a positive outlook in men.

Women who consume resveratrol appear to enjoy benefits, as well, particularly older women. At menopause, estrogen levels decline rapidly. Research shows that resveratrol supplementation could help stabilize and normalize estrogen and other hormones.

A small study of postmenopausal women taking resveratrol daily for 12 weeks reported improvements in estrogen metabolism. Resveratrol also promoted normal levels of SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin).[11]

SHBG enables the body to make better use of the hormones already present. In essence, resveratrol may support hormone balance, which, in turn, helps heart health and bone health.[12]

Though it may seem counter-intuitive that an ingredient found in wine could be helpful for the liver, research shows that it is. But you don't need to drink alcohol to consume resveratrol and enjoy the benefits it offers.

Conditions that affect the liver are among the most common health issues in the Western world.[13] Resveratrol may protect the liver and promote normal liver function.

Resveratrol appears to support the liver.[14] It protects the liver by helping the body regulate oxidative stress, reducing redness and swelling, and alleviating cell death in the liver.[15]

If you're hitting the gym and not seeing the improvement you'd like, resveratrol may help.

Normal exercise causes oxidative stress, and resveratrol's antioxidant status appears to help muscles recover more quickly. This effect works both after the strain of exercise and after lack of use such as after an injury or hospitalization.[16]

Resveratrol supplementation can also enhance your exercise performance. In one study, resveratrol not only boosted how efficiently rats ran on a treadmill by 21 percent, but it also helped their bodies break down fat and strengthened skeletal muscle.[17]

As we get older, muscle mass and strength decrease. Aging muscles tend to heal and grow more slowly than they do in our youth. Resveratrol appears to improve muscle mass and muscle regeneration in older adults, especially when used alongside exercise.[18]

While most resveratrol research focuses on taking it internally, some studies have looked at how applying it to the skin shields your skin from environmental pollutants and harmful UV rays.

Dermatology research has shown that resveratrol has 17 times more antioxidant power than some popular and expensive anti-wrinkle creams.[19]

If acne is a concern, resveratrol may improve the appearance of your complexion. Applied topically, this compound inhibits the growth of harmful organisms on the skin. It also calms the redness and swelling that acne often causes.[20]

Last but not least, resveratrol boosts collagen production, smooths out fine lines and wrinkles, and improves your skin's appearance.[21]

Joint soreness can have a tremendous impact on your life and prevent you from engaging in activities that you enjoy.

Thanks to its powerful antioxidant properties, resveratrol may support sore joints, offering some relief. One study showed that resveratrol significantly helped people with knee discomfort feel better.[22]

In another study, researchers found that injecting resveratrol into the knee joints may stabilize cartilage that is uncomfortable from arthritis.[23]

Resveratrol can reduce redness and swelling in joints, and may even protect your joints from further damage.[24]

You can find resveratrol in several plant foods, particularly berries, and you can buy it in supplements.

Resveratrol is abundant in the skin of grapes, which is why we find it in wine most notably red wine. You will not find the compound in the flesh or seeds of grapes, so while grape seed extract is also a powerful antioxidant, don't look to it to find resveratrol.

Scientists have found resveratrol in several other brightly-colored fruits and berries, such as:

In some Asian countries, people drink Itadori tea, a traditional herbal supplement believed to ward off heart disease and stroke. This source of resveratrol can cause diarrhea and cramping.

Only 25 percent of resveratrol from dietary sources is bioavailable because it gets metabolized quickly.[25]

Dietary intake from naturally-occurring resveratrol averages 0.3 to 1.5 mg per day if one consumes these foods.

Resveratrol supplements typically contain a much higher concentration of the compound, so more is available to cells. Some of the lower quality, cheaper options contain equal amounts of the trans and cis forms. Be sure to check labels and aim to use supplements that have a higher concentration of trans-resveratrol, preferably 99 to 100 percent. Not only is this form more easily absorbed by the body, but it also offers better results for your health.

Many resveratrol supplements come from Japanese knotweed roots. While plant-derived supplements are often beneficial, this plant's roots contain a substance called emodin, a laxative. While manufacturers try to remove the emodin, even small amounts can cause cramping and diarrhea. The extraction process for these supplements may also introduce harmful solvents, like hexane and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Some companies sell fermented resveratrol, which comes from yeast, and does not contain emodin. However, your best option is Resvida. As the most potent, purest, and most scientifically researched form of trans-resveratrol, Resvida contains no emodin and has maximum bioavailability.

Resveratrol is generally safe for consumption with no serious adverse effects according to numerous studies,[26] and it is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) according to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. When taken in higher servings, or if you take supplements and extracts derived from Japanese knotweed, rather than Resvida, some people may experience mild to moderate gastrointestinal effects, including nausea, gas, and diarrhea.

Resveratrol may interact with some medications, so speak with your healthcare provider before considering a resveratrol supplement if you are currently taking medication.[27] If you are pregnant or nursing, do not take resveratrol supplements, as its safety has not been thoroughly tested on pregnant women.

Many people are looking for antioxidant supplements that soothe irritation and discourage harmful organisms. Resveratrol offers all of these.

Found in the skin of grapes, berries, dark chocolate, and dietary supplements, resveratrol has a number of health benefits. Trans-resveratrol is the most effective form because it easily crosses cell membranes, as well as the blood-brain barrier.

Resveratrol promotes vitality and wellness, encourages longevity, and even helps maintain health for age and lifestyle-related conditions.

This unique nutrient supports brain health, increases endurance, discourages weight gain, and helps balance hormones for both women and men. Not only that, resveratrol also has a positive impact on heart health, protects the liver, alleviates joint pain, and even helps improve your skin's appearance. The best, most-tested resveratrol supplement is Resvida, the purest, most scientifically researched form of the supplement.

What are your thoughts on resveratrol? Do you take antioxidant supplements? Please let us know your opinions in the comments!

Results may vary. Information and statements made are for education purposes and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. If you have a severe medical condition or health concern, see your physician.

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10 Resveratrol Benefits for Heart, Mind, & the Fountain of Youth