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Category Archives: Chemistry

Scientists connect seawater chemistry with ancient climate change and evolution

ScienceDaily (July 19, 2012) Humans get most of the blame for climate change, with little attention paid to the contribution of other natural forces. Now, scientists from the University of Toronto and the University of California Santa Cruz are shedding light on one potential cause of the cooling trend of the past 45 million years that has everything to do with the chemistry of the world's oceans.

"Seawater chemistry is characterized by long phases of stability, which are interrupted by short intervals of rapid change," says Professor Ulrich Wortmann in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Toronto, lead author of a study to be published in Science this week. "We've established a new framework that helps us better interpret evolutionary trends and climate change over long periods of time. The study focuses on the past 130 million years, but similar interactions have likely occurred through the past 500 million years."

Wortmann and co-author Adina Paytan of the Institute of Marine Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz point to the collision between India and Eurasia approximately 50 million years ago as one example of an interval of rapid change. This collision enhanced dissolution of the most extensive belt of water-soluble gypsum on Earth, stretching from Oman to Pakistan, and well into Western India -- remnants of which are well exposed in the Zagros mountains.

The authors suggest that the dissolution or creation of such massive gyspum deposits will change the sulfate content of the ocean, and that this will affect the amount of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere and thus climate. "We propose that times of high sulfate concentrations in ocean water correlate with global cooling, just as times of low concentration correspond with greenhouse periods," says Paytan.

"When India and Eurasia collided, it caused dissolution of ancient salt deposits which resulted in drastic changes in seawater chemistry," Paytan continues. "This may have led to the demise of the Eocene epoch -- the warmest period of the modern-day Cenozoic era -- and the transition from a greenhouse to icehouse climate, culminating in the beginning of the rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet."

The researchers combined data of past seawater sulfur composition, assembled by Paytan in 2004, with Wortmann's recent discovery of the strong link between marine sulfate concentrations and carbon and phosphorus cycling. They were able to explain the seawater sulfate isotope record as a result of massive changes to the accumulation and weathering of gyspum -- the mineral form of hydrated calcium sulfate.

"While it has been known for a long time that gyspum deposits can be formed and destroyed rapidly, the effect of these processes on seawater chemistry has been overlooked," says Wortmann. "The idea represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of how ocean chemistry changes over time and how these changes are linked to climate."

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Robert Pattinson talks 'chemistry' with Kristen Stewart

Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart may be one of Hollywood's most private couples, but Rob just couldn't help spilling the beans on falling for Kristen in a recent interview, revealing he knew they would have amazing chemistry before they even met.

ROB AND KRISTEN: ROMANCE IN PICS

Speaking to E!'s etalk Canada, Robert Pattinson told how he knew before he met Kristen Stewart that they would instantly hit it off, after watching one of her old movies.

'I knew before I met her [that we had chemistry],' Rob laughed, to which Kristen giggled, 'Yeah, me too.'

Referring to seeing 14 year-old Kristen star in an adventure movie, he continued: 'I was watching Zathura one day when she was frozen.'

Far from keeping quiet, usually shy Kristenpiped up: 'When you meet people that you want to embark on a creative endeavour with, it's like so intense and exciting it's palpable.' Looking to R-Patzbeside her, she added: "You're like, 'It's him!"'

Now that's love.

At Comic-Con last week Robert Pattinson opened up on his Twilight beauty secret, revealing he was asked to don a ginger wig to re-shoot some key scenes for the upcoming final instalment of the Breaking Dawn movie.

Rob said: 'We had to do the re-shoots on [Breaking Dawn - Part 2] a few weeks ago, and it was the first time I had to wear a wig.

His advice? 'Don't succumb to peer pressure and start wearing a wig like everybody else in this cast.'

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Research and Markets: Telomerases. Chemistry, Biology and Clinical Applications 2012 Book Features Topics such as Off …

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/3tdb7f/telomerases_chemi) has announced the addition of John Wiley and Sons Ltd's new book "Telomerases. Chemistry, Biology and Clinical Applications" to their offering.

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date review and evaluation of the contemporary status of telomerase research. Chapters in this volume cover the basic structure, mechanisms, and diversity of the essential and regulatory subunits of telomerase. Other topics include telomerase biogenesis, transcriptional and post-translational regulation, off-telomere functions of telomerase and the role of telomerase in cellular senescence, aging and cancer. Its relationship to retrotransposons, a class of mobile genetic elements that shares similarities with telomerase and serves as telomeres in selected organisms, are also reviewed.

Key Topics Covered:

1 The Telomerase Complex: An Overview

Johanna Mancini and Chantal Autexier

2 Telomerase RNA: Structure, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms

Yehuda Tzfati and Julian J.-L. Chen

3 TERT Structure, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms

Emmanuel Skordalakes and Neal Lue

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Thoughts on team chemistry

Twice in the last week, the topic of chemistry has been raised in regards to disappointing seasons.

Seth Curry gave this quote to reporters at the NC Pro-Am: The biggest thing is just trying to be more of a family. Get to know each other off the court. This summer weve been hanging out a lot more, getting to know each other. It seems like everybody likes each other this year, so it should be a fun year.

The bolded section found its way onto to twitter, however, which resulted in the college hoops blogosphere coming down hard on Austin Rivers. Obviously, the thinking went, Curry was taking a subtle shot Rivers.

Down in Memphis, rising junior Chris Crawford had this to say to the Commercial Appeals beat-writer Jason Smith:

We had a lot of like, you know it was some people that separated. Our chemistry wasnt really there, Crawford said. This year, everybody is talking to each other. We want to be a better team. Everybody is hanging out more. Everybody is trying to be one instead of in our separate groups.

Chemistry is important, and its not just with basketball. Its outside of basketball, too. Campus life, being together, going to the movies or anything, youve got to have that kind of bond.

Team chemistry is one of those vague terms that seem more like a press conference cliche than an actual issue. But rest assured, it is vital to a teams success. Whether it is role players accepting the fact they are role players, team leaders picking up struggling teammates instead of putting them down, or simply liking each other off the court, chemistry can be a deciding factor for a season.

Ask UCLA.

Or UConn. Or Pitt.Or Mississippi State.

Or, for that matter, Missouri. Frank Haiths ability to unify that team and get them to buy into the system he wanted to run was a huge reason the Tigers were so successful.

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Mooresville chemistry teacher to referee wrestling at London Olympics

MOORESVILLE -

Pinning down Olympic dreams is an inexact science - even for a chemistry teacher.

Mooresville High School's Zach Errett has been grappling with his love of wrestling since he was wearing the smallest of tights.

As a youngster he realized there wouldn't be any Olympic medals in his future, so he decided that he could get to the games another way.

"I started refereeing when I was in middle school and started working my way up," said Errett. "So to kind of be able to make it there and be a part of the experience and to be around wrestling and be involved with some of the best wrestlers in the world, it's really just a tremendous honor to be a part of that as once a former athlete in that sport."

From middle school to junior high, through high school and college, Errett hones his officiating skills. Forthe lastten years he's been a chemistry teacher and the head wrestling coach at Mooresville High School. At the same time he's also become one of the best wrestling referees in the world.

This summer his Olympic plan paid off. Errett is one of onlythree officials from the United States who will work the summer games in London.

"To be selected was a great honor just because there have been so many great referees that have worked the Olympics along with some great referees that have been really close and not able to make the Olympics," Errett said.

The wrestling team at Mooresville never doubted their coach.

Says senior Brent McCreary, "I think it's a really good opportunity for him I know he's worked almost all of his life to get there. I've actually reffed with him a few times at some local tournaments and he really takes pride in his work and it's a good opportunity for him."

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Research and Markets: Analytical Techniques for Clinical Chemistry. Methods and Applications Provides an Essential Go …

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/g85wnz/analytical_techniq) has announced the addition of John Wiley and Sons Ltd's new book "Analytical Techniques for Clinical Chemistry. Methods and Applications" to their offering.

This resource details the role played by analytical techniques in clinical research, from fundamental studies to practical applications. Chapters report on the progress made in developing fit-for-purpose instrumentation, and identify continuing challenges for laboratory analytical techniques. The book opens with an overview of the regulatory framework around clinical lab analysis and then details applications including biomonitoring, diagnostics, food quality, biomarkers, drugs, and forensics. This handy reference provides an essential go-to while helping laboratory chemists reduce everyday problems and understand standardized lab techniques.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Good Clinical Practice Principles: Legal background and applicability

2. Clinical chemistry and the quest for quality

3. Uncertainty in clinical chemistry measurements including pre-analytical variables

4. The role and significance of reference values in the identification and evaluation of trace elements from diet

5. Sample collection, storage, and pre-treatment in clinical chemistry

6. Metal toxicology in clinical, forensic, and chemical pathology

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