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Biochemistry – Definition, Careers and Major | Biology Dictionary

Biochemistry Definition

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical reactions that take place inside organisms. It combines elements from both biology and chemistry. Biochemistry became a separate discipline in the early 20th Century. Biochemists study relatively large molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which are important in metabolism and other cellular activities; they also study molecules like enzymes and DNA.

Biochemistry research has been done for around the past 400 years, although the term biochemistry itself was only coined in 1903 by the German chemist Carl Neuberg. The study of biochemistry essentially began with the invention of the microscope in 1665 by Robert Hooke. He was the first person to observe cells under a microscope, but they were dead cells; later on in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw live plant cells under a microscope. Now that scientists had seen cells for the first time, they were eager to study them and discover more about the processes that occurred inside them. In the 18th Century, the French scientist Antoine Lavoisier proposed a reaction mechanism for photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants make their own food out of carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, releasing oxygen in the process. He also was the first person to investigate the process of cell respiration, the process of making the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria of the cell.

In the 19th Century, a prevailing belief was that protoplasm, the jelly-like inside of the cell, carried out all of the processes involved with breaking down food molecules. It was believed that the chemistry of living organisms was inherently different from that of non-living ones. In 1897, Eduard Buchner performed an experiment that would change this view. He prepared an extract from yeast that he called zymase. Although zymase did not contain any living yeast cells, it could still ferment glucose to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol. Following Buchners convention, enzymes began to be named for the reaction they carried out; for example, DNA polymerase polymerizes DNA. (Zymase was later found to be multiple enzymes.)

In the 20th Century, further advancements were made. Hans Krebs discovered the citric acid cycle (which would also become known as the Krebs cycle), a series of chemical reactions during cellular respiration where glucose and oxygen are converted to ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Also, DNA became known as the genetic material of the cell and its structure was identified by James Watson and Francis Crick from previous research done by Rosalind Franklin. Presently, newer technology such as recombinant DNA, gene splicing, radioisotopic labelling, and electron microscopy are advancing scientific knowledge further than ever before.

Topics in biochemistry research include enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, the making of proteins from DNA, RNA, and amino acids through the processes of transcription and translation, and the metabolic processes of cells. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, which is the study of biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules. Molecular biology techniques are often used to study biochemistry, along with techniques from other fields like immunology and physics. Since all life can be broken down into small molecules and chemical reactions, biochemistry is a broad science that is used in studying all types of biology, from botany to molecular genetics to pharmacology. Chemical reactions in cells are emphasized, but specific research topics can vary widely. For example, biochemists may be interested in researching the chemical reactions that occur in the brain (thereby connecting biochemistry with neurochemistry), how cells divide and differentiate, cell communication, the chemical basis of genetic inheritance, or how diseases such as cancer spread.

This is an image of a biochemist working in a laboratory.

Biochemistry is a laboratory science. To work in the field of biochemistry, an individual must be interested in conducting research, and should obtain at least a bachelors degree. Many biochemists teach and are principal investigators of research laboratories at universities; these positions require PhDs. While most biochemists with PhDs conduct research, some are academic lecturers and solely teach at universities. However, these biochemists also had to do research throughout graduate school in order to complete their PhD thesis. Other biochemists are lab managers, which requires a masters degree. With a bachelors degree, one may become a scientific research technician. The more education an individual has, generally the more independence they will have in a lab. Technicians carry out bench work and help perform experiments that a principal investigator designs. A lab manager has more responsibilities than a technician and may do independent research projects under the guidance of a principal investigator. Aside from academia, biochemists also work in industry positions. They may work in government laboratories or for a variety of companies including agricultural, pharmaceutical, public health, or biotechnology companies. Others provide specific services such as toxicology or forensics.

In order to be a competent biochemist, one must be interested in biology or chemistry research and learn proper laboratory skills and safety procedures. It is also important to have an aptitude for mathematics and statistics, and be able to analyze the data generated from experiments. The ability to think outside the box and brainstorm new ideas is important for designing experiments. Biochemists must also keep up with the scientific literature by reading recent publications in scientific journals and attending conferences. Although it takes a lot of hard work, training, and study, biochemists are able to uncover new information about the chemistry of living things and contribute to advancing scientific knowledge.

Students interested in becoming biochemists need to take many science courses during their time as an undergraduate. General knowledge of both biology and chemistry is essential. Many schools offer biochemistry as a specific major. It is also possible to become a biochemist after obtaining a biology or chemistry bachelors degree, but one needs to make sure that they have a good background in the subject they are not majoring in; i.e., an undergraduate majoring in biology needs to take chemistry courses (this is usually a requirement of all undergraduate biology majors), and an undergraduate majoring in chemistry should also take biology courses. Of course, there are also specifically biochemistry courses that students should take. Additionally, it is important to be well versed in mathematics and physics.

As students advance in their undergraduate career, they will take more specific science courses based on their specific interests. For example, they could take classes in botany, molecular biology, biophysics, biomedical sciences, or structural biology (how molecules are organized into cells and tissues), depending on where their research interests lie.

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Biochemistry - Definition, Careers and Major | Biology Dictionary

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CCSU community pays tribute to student who passed away – FOX61 Hartford

CCSU community pays tribute to student who passed away  FOX61 Hartford

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CCSU community pays tribute to student who passed away - FOX61 Hartford

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Maroon and White royalty: MSU unveils 2022 Homecoming Court – Mississippi State University

Contact: Carl Smith

Mississippi State Universitys 2022 Homecoming Court includes (left to right) freshman Maid Natalie Robertson of Hamilton, Alabama; sophomore Maid Sydiah Ervin of Pinson, Alabama; junior Maid Allie Grace Bell of Madison; senior Maid Olivia Sinclair Russell of Southaven; Mr. MSU Davis Helton of Amory; Homecoming Queen Raegan Rushing of Biloxi; Homecoming King Hayden Foil of Gautier; Miss MSU Avery Braddock of Loveland, Ohio; senior Maid Sara Matheson of Collierville, Tennessee; junior Maid Lucie LeBlanc of Brookhaven; sophomore Maid Khaoula Kamal of Tupelo; and freshman Maid Nya Nobles of Shubuta. (Photo by Grace Cockrell)

STARKVILLE, Miss.Mississippi State students have chosen a new group of Bulldogs to represent the school in its 2022 Homecoming Court.

Hayden Foil of Gautier and Raegan Rushing of Biloxi are king and queen of this years homecoming, an event-filled week Oct. 2-8 culminating with MSUs football game against the University of Arkansas at 11 a.m. Saturday [Oct. 8]. Foil is a senior animal and dairy science/ pre-veterinary major, and Rushing is a senior industrial engineering major.

Homecoming King Hayden Foil (left) of Gautier and Homecoming Queen Raegan Rushing of Biloxi. (Photo by Grace Cockrell)

This years Miss MSU is Avery Braddock of Loveland, Ohio, and Mr. MSU is Davis Helton of Amory. Braddock is a senior communication/public relations major, and Helton is a senior biochemistry/pre-dental major.

Miss MSU Avery Braddock (left) of Loveland, Ohio, and Mr. MSU is Davis Helton of Amory. (Photo by Grace Cockrell)

The homecoming court, including eight class maids, will be presented formally during next Saturdays halftime at Davis Wade Stadium. For more information on MSU gameday activities, visit HailState.com/gameday.

Each undergraduate class is represented by two maids:

SENIORSara Matheson, a biochemistry/pre-medicine major from Collierville, Tennessee, and Olivia Sinclair Russell, a mechanical engineering major from Southaven.

JUNIORAllie Grace Bell, an accounting major from Madison, and Lucie LeBlanc, a chemical engineering major from Brookhaven.

SOPHOMORESydiah Ervin, a biomedical engineering major from Pinson, Alabama, and Khaoula Kamal, a biomedical engineering major from Tupelo.

FRESHMANNya Nobles, a biochemistry/pre-dental major from Shubuta, and Natalie Robertson, a communication/broadcast and digital journalism major from Hamilton, Alabama.

For more on 2022 homecoming week activities, follow the MSU Student Association on Facebook @MSUStudentAssociation, as well as @MSU_SA on Twitter and Instagram.

MSU is Mississippis leading university, available online at http://www.msstate.edu.

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Maroon and White royalty: MSU unveils 2022 Homecoming Court - Mississippi State University

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Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Industry is Expected to Reach $8 Billion by 2028 -Abbott, Danaher, Hitachi, Roche, Siemens, Thermo Fisher Scientific…

A market study Global examines the performance of the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers 2022. It encloses an in-depth analysis of the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers state and the competitive landscape globally. The Global Automated Biochemistry Analyzers can be obtained through the market details such as growth drivers, latest developments, Automated Biochemistry Analyzers business strategies, regional study, and future market status. The report also covers information including Plastic Additive industry latest opportunities and challenges along with the historical and Automated Biochemistry Analyzers future trends. It focuses on the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers dynamics that is constantly changing due to the technological advancements and socio-economic status.Pivotal players studied in the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers report:

Abbott, Danaher, Hitachi, Roche, Siemens, Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Recent market study Automated Biochemistry Analyzers analyses the crucial factors of the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers based on present industry situations, market demands, business strategies adopted by Automated Biochemistry Analyzers players and their growth scenario. This report isolates the Automated Biochemistry Analyzers based on the key players, Type, Application and Regions. First of all, Automated Biochemistry Analyzers report will offer deep knowledge of company profile, its basic products and specification, generated revenue, production cost, whom to contact. The report covers forecast and analysis of Automated Biochemistry Analyzers on global and regional level.

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Stationary Biochemistry Analyzers, Portable Biochemistry Analyzers

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Hospital and Diagnostic Laboratories, Home Care, and Academic, Research Institutes

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North America Automated Biochemistry Analyzers(United States, North American country and Mexico),Europe Market(Germany, Plastic Additive France Market, UK, Russia and Italy),Asia-Pacific market (China, Plastic Additive Japan and Korea market, Asian nation and Southeast Asia),South America Plastic Additive Regions inludes(Brazil, Argentina, Republic of Colombia etc.),Plastic Additive Africa (Saudi Arabian Peninsula, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

The Plastic Additive report provides the past, present and future Plastic Additive industry Size, trends and the forecast information related to the expected Plastic Additive sales revenue, growth, Plastic Additive demand and supply scenario. Furthermore, the opportunities and the threats to the development of Automated Biochemistry Analyzers forecast period from 2022 to 2029.

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Automated Biochemistry Analyzers Industry is Expected to Reach $8 Billion by 2028 -Abbott, Danaher, Hitachi, Roche, Siemens, Thermo Fisher Scientific...

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A celebration: Fiesta Latina shares the sounds and tastes of Latino culture with Columbus – The Republic

Mike Wolanin | The Republic A piata hangs from a booth during Fiesta Latina in downtown Columbus, Ind., Saturday, Oct. 1, 2022.

Fiesta Latina had a picture-perfect afternoon and evening for the return of the annual festival, which brought thousands of visitors to downtown Columbus for the tastes and sounds of the Latino community.

The free admission gathering stretched from noon to 10 p.m. overall celebrating the rich culture of Latin America; showcasing Latino musicians, dancers, artisans, and chefs from around the region, according to organizers promotional materials.

Proceeds from the event go to help Su Casa serve its Latino community, so that all Latinos feel welcome and safe, with equal access to opportunities that encourage a sense of pride and belonging, according to the website at sucasaindiana.org/fiesta-latina/.

Among the performers was Sabada, a group with Brazilian backgrounds. Ballet Folklorico Mosaicos performed and music took over the evening festivities, including a Mariachi band and then music from a DJ.

Our goal is to highlight the amazing culture that Latinos contribute to a vibrant community, said Luz Elena Michel, who helped organize the event and is among the organizers of TuFuturo, the Latino education group.

In a highlighted event, TuFuturo, an initiative of the Community Education Coalition, is organizing a Latino conference called Es Posible on Friday.

Its purpose is for students to visualize their next step upon finishing high school, learn about career options and many other aspects to consider to futher their education.

The conference is directed toward Hispanic students in grades seven through 10.

Keynote speakers will be Paola Ariza-Storch and Heriberto Acevedo. Ariza-Storch is a rising senior at Butler University studying biochemistry and neuroscience with the hopes of becoming a physician.

Paola is a Columbus local, who graduated from Columbus East High School in 2019. Paola was born and raised on the island of Puerto Rico and completed undergraduate studies at the University of Puerto Rico, with a degree in chemical sciences. He worked as a science teacher for the seventh grade to high school and now works as a research and development scientist at Eli Lilly.

For more information, or to register online, contact Es Posble on Instagram, Facebook or TikTok at @TuFuturoLatino.

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A celebration: Fiesta Latina shares the sounds and tastes of Latino culture with Columbus - The Republic

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Lipids, lipids everywhere! – ASBMB Today

Lipids not only taste delicious (at least in our opinion) but are the major components of biological membranes and play essential roles in most aspects of human biology. In fact, if we look closely at the lipids and membranes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, we see they contribute to fundamental roles in compartmentalizing cells, stress responses, metabolism, gene regulation, inflammation, and activating both cell protective and cell destructive mechanisms.

As such, the study of lipids and membranes remains a critical and emerging area for cutting-edge research one that has great potential to impact human health and the understanding and treatment of diseases.

Our symposia at Discover BMB, the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, in Seattle in March will bring together leading investigators in lipid metabolism and membrane function in replication of microorganisms and viruses, communicate novel protein structural information in lipid metabolism and transport, and promote the understanding of membrane structure and biophysics in cell physiology.

Keywords: Enzyme regulation, lipid droplets, lipid domains, membrane structure and tension, sphingolipids, infectious disease.

Who should attend: Lipid and membrane enthusiasts and anyone interested in learning more about lipid metabolism, lipidprotein interactions or membrane structure.

Theme song: Insane in the Membrane by Cypress Hill.

This session is powered by Hass avocados, rich in healthy fats.

New roles for lipids in microorganisms and virusesMichael Airola (chair), Stony Brook UniversityRobert V. Stahelin,Purdue UniversityElizabeth Johnson,Cornell UniversityEric A. Klein,Rutgers UniversityCamdenNihal AltanBonnett,National Institutes of Health

Molecular insight into lipid metabolism and transportAbdou Rachid Thiam (chair), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Suprieure de ParisMichael Airola,Stony Brook UniversityAngeline Lyon,Purdue UniversityEric Ortlund,Emory University School of MedicineSaskia Neher,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Membrane structure and dynamicsRobert Stahelin (chair), Purdue UniversityAbdou Rachid Thiam,Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Suprieure de ParisSarah Keller,University of WashingtonSuzanne Scarlata,Worcester Polytechnic InstituteIlya Leventhal,University of Virginia

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Lipids, lipids everywhere! - ASBMB Today

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