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Medical illustration draws on knowledge of anatomy, cell biology, more – The Washington Post

Medical illustrators draw what cannot be seen, watch what has never been done and tell thousands about it without saying a word.

For decades, this slogan appeared on the website and printed materials of the Association of Medical Illustrators. Although the association no longer uses this tag line, it is still an accurate description of the profession.

I have been drawing what cant be seen and watching whats never been done on a daily basis for over 30 years, and teaching my students to do the same.

But what exactly does all of that mean, and how does it improve medicine?

You may have heard the adage, A picture is worth a thousand words. In that same vein, medical illustrators use pictures to teach complex scientific concepts. As the famed medical illustrator Frank H. Netter once said, pictures eliminate the need for the lecturer or the author to translate what he has in his mind into words and for the listener or the student to translate those words back into a mental image.

The use of illustrations to communicate medical information has a long history, dating back at least to ancient Egypt and flourishing in the Renaissance. The work of 16th-century anatomists Giacomo Berengario da Carpi and Andreas Vesalius set a precedent for the use of detailed illustrations to teach anatomy, a practice that continues to this day.

The proliferation of illustrated anatomy atlases in the Renaissance coincided with the widespread acceptance of cadaver dissection. The earliest known human dissections were performed in the third century B.C. The practice was prohibited throughout the Middle Ages but became common again in the 13th and 14th centuries.

By the 1500s, dissections, usually of executed criminals, had become public spectacles. Demand for bodies eventually outstripped the supply of executed convicts, leading to grave robbing and even murder.

In addition to depicting the location and features of objects such as organs, illustrations described events happening over time, such as the progression of a disease or the steps in a surgical procedure. Generations of surgeons learned new procedures from meticulously illustrated surgical atlases. An early example, William Harveys classic 17th-century work Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus depicts the direction of blood flow through the veins of the forearm.

Today, surgeons can practice a procedure hundreds of times using virtual reality before trying it on a real patient. Modern physiology and pathology texts include countless illustrations of the body, not just at the anatomical level, but also at the cellular and molecular. So valuable are these depictions of complex pathways and interactions that many science journals now require papers to include a graphical abstract, or single illustration that summarizes the content of each paper.

Medical illustrators employ special tools and training to visualize things that are normally hidden from the naked eye.

All professionally trained medical illustrators study human gross anatomy, including dissecting a cadaver, to visualize the internal structures of the body. Illustrators also use medical imaging, such as CT and MRI scans, to reconstruct the body in three dimensions.

At the cellular level, medical illustrators must understand how to use microscopy techniques to find references for accurate depictions of cellular structures.

Objects at the smallest scale atoms and many molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. This means they are below the theoretical limit of what can be seen, even with the most powerful light microscope. So researchers experimentally determine the structures of molecules using techniques such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy instead.

Medical illustrators learn to locate and retrieve data on the structure of molecules from sites such as the RCSB Protein Databank. They also use a host of visualization software to render them in 3D.

Medical illustrators at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used these techniques to create the famous red-spiked coronavirus image that went viral during the pandemic.

Obviously, you cant really watch something that has never been done. But medical illustrators can help conceptualize new processes and techniques before they become a reality.

For example, they might illustrate how an experimental drug could theoretically work before it enters testing. Similarly, illustrations can be critical in pre-surgical planning, such as for the separation of conjoined twins Abbigail and Isabelle Carlsen at the Mayo Clinic in 2006. Working from nearly 6,000 radiographic images, the clinics medical illustrators produced five detailed illustrations of the twins anatomy. They even generated 3D-printed models, notably of their shared liver.

The illustrations were critical in training the 70 surgeons, nurses and technicians involved in the case. They also served as a road map for the ultimately successful surgery, hung up on the operating theater walls during the procedure.

To draw what cant be seen and watch whats never been done, medical illustrators require specialized training. Most medical illustrators in North America are trained at accredited masters programs. Accepted students must have a strong science background and a portfolio demonstrating outstanding drawing skills.

Once in the program, their science training continues with some combination of courses in neuroanatomy, embryology, histology, cell biology, pathology and immunology. Specialized courses in surgical observation and cellular and molecular visualization also include significant science content.

Students receive extensive training in computer graphics, including 2D and 3D modeling and animation, interactive media, virtual and augmented reality, and educational game and mobile app design. Courses also emphasize the principles of design to create effective visuals.

Medical illustrators learn to consider the educational level of their audience. Illustrations made to educate a child diagnosed with leukemia would be very different from those aimed at the oncologist treating the disease.

Many medical illustrators pursue board certification to become a certified medical illustrator, which recognizes professional competency. Continued certification requires continuing education in the biomedical sciences, artistic techniques and business practices.

All of this education and training is essential to ensure that medical illustrators communicate complex scientific information with accuracy and clarity. I like to think of medical illustrators as teachers we instruct with pictures.

James A. Perkins is distinguished professor of medical illustration at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

This article was produced in collaboration with theconversation.com.

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Medical illustration draws on knowledge of anatomy, cell biology, more - The Washington Post

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Where To Watch Anatomy Of A Fall – Screen Rant

Summary

The demand to watch Anatomy of a Fall is increasing in the wake of its triumphant, headline-making premiere at the 76th Cannes Film Festival. Already nominated for five Oscars at te 2024 Academy Awards, the thrilling courtroom drama stars Sandra Hller as a writer, also named Sandra, who is tasked with proving her innocence after her husband, Samuel, dies under mysterious circumstances. To make matters more complicated, Daniel, Sandra and Samuel's 11-year-old blind son, is the only other witness to Samuel's death.

Directed by Sibyl filmmaker Justine Triet, Anatomy of a Fall (Anatomie d'une chute) is only the third film helmed by a woman to win Cannes' prestigious Palme d'Or. In late August 2023, the acclaimed film debuted in France, with its ticket sales sandwiched between those of the slightly more successful Barbie and the slightly less successful Oppenheimer. Ambitious, unpredictable, and deeply thought-provoking, Anatomy of a Fall autopsies the characters' relationship, Sandra and Vincent's marriage, and the very nature of truth. Given its early awards buzz, it's shaping up to be one of 2023's best movies that is climbing high on watchlists across the globe.

Anatomy of a Fall had its premiere on May 21, 2023, with it debuting at Cannes. Neon acquired the rights to distribute the film in North America shortly after, with it being given a limited release on October 13, 2023. Anatomy of a Fall was given a wider release the next week, with it still showing in some theaters. While it may be hard for some eager moviegoers to find Anatomy of a Fall, the film can still be found in many theaters ahead of the Oscars on March 10, 2024.

Theatrical showtimes for Anatomy of a Fall can be found via the links below:

VOD Platform

Rental Price

Apple TV

$5.99

Amazon Prime Video

$5.99

Vudu

$5.99

Google Play Movies & TV

$6.99

The unforeseeable plot and startling performances make Anatomy of a Fall one of fall 2023's most anticipated movies, but its availability to watch has been different around the world. Thankfully, US-based audiences finally have the opportunity to watch Anatomy of a Fall in theaters, though cinephiles may have to wait a few months before a streaming release date is set. The sensational courtroom drama first hit US theaters on Friday, October 13 with a limited release. By the following week, Anatomy of a Fall was playing in both national chains and first-run indie cinemas across the country.

Unfortunately, Anatomy of a Fall isn't a movie with a same-day release on streaming. While the picture's US distributor, Neon, hasn't released much information regarding a streaming release date, it's likely that Anatomy of a Fall will follow the terms of Neon's deal with Hulu. Neon-distributed titles typically stream exclusively on Hulu approximately four months after their theatrical release in the United States. As such, Anatomy of a Fall may not be released on Hulu until February 2024.

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Justine Triet On Oscar Nominations Haul For Anatomy Of A Fall: This Is Crazy For Me – Deadline

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Justine Triet On Oscar Nominations Haul For Anatomy Of A Fall: This Is Crazy For Me - Deadline

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Anatomy of a Fall rode a debatable mystery to the 2024 Oscars – Polygon

These days, a water cooler conversation can flare up and burn out in days. Its rare to see any movie or TV show still spark any kind of unifying online discussion more than a week after its debut on a new platform, or after the final episode airs. For every Barbie or Oppenheimer or Barbenheimer, where critics, fans, reactors, streamers, podcasters, and others keep talking about the project for months after its debut, there are dozens of Netflix shows where the conversation stops after release weekend, or would-be blockbusters that make some money at the box office, but that viewers seem to have forgotten before the final credit rolls.

One of the more surprising recent movies to beat the too-much-competition-for-attention curse (or is it the short-attention-span curse?) was Justine Triets Anatomy of a Fall, a two-and-a-half-hour French drama about the fallout of a troubled relationship that ends with a literal fall. Anatomy of a Fall wasnt a Barbie-sized box office blowout, or the kind of short-term cultural fad that sparks Saturday Night Live sketches or endless online memes. After its French debut in August 2023, it opened in just five theaters in America, and at its largest nationwide expansion, it was still in fewer than 600 theaters. Oscar season may change that, but up until now, Triets latest has been firmly on the arthouse circuit.

And yet Anatomy of a Fall wound up lingering in those theaters for more than three months, as word of mouth spread and a steady trickle of people saw it and recommended it to their friends, followers, or audiences. It was endlessly discussed and picked apart, with different theories about the movies central mysteries. And it wound up on hundreds of critics top 10 lists for 2023 and won dozens of minor industry awards, along with the prestigious Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival, where it first premiered.

Why has the film lingered so long and had such an impact in an environment where filmgoers keep complaining about longer movies and the focus of cultural conversation normally shifts rapidly away from any release shortly after its debut? There are a few reasons, all of which together add up to a potent conversation.

The movies biggest secret selling point is the endless questions it leaves behind. (Secret in the sense that this aspect of the movie would be hard to advertise in a way that sounds appealing instead of frustrating.) The movie is designed around mysteries that are never really solved, but are layered to give viewers plenty of ammunition for any argument they want to make. More significantly, the film supports a level of nuance and meaning to those arguments that goes beyond basic Whodunit-level discussions, and into much bigger questions about what writer-director Triet and her screenwriting partner (and real-world partner) Arthur Harari are ultimately saying.

Sandra Hller stars as the films central figure, Sandra Voyter, a famous German novelist on a lengthy creative retreat with her husband Samuel (Samuel Theis) and their blind 11-year-old son Daniel (Milo Machado Graner) in a remote chalet in the French Alps. Early in the film, Samuel falls out of a third-story window of the chalet and dies. While the film is billed as a thriller (and got plenty of press suggesting it was a Hitchcock-inspired murder mystery), it doesnt operate at a thrillers pacing or with a thrillers tension: Triet builds the narrative slowly, letting viewers learn more and more about Sandra and Samuels relationship via other peoples reporting on it particularly when shes accused of his murder, and ends up in French court, defending herself.

Did she kill him? While an outsider might look at the facts of the case and believe she had ample motive for murder, how does she really feel about her relationship with Samuel? More importantly, does her son Daniel truly believe her version of the story? And how do his choices in the film reflect what he believes? These arent simple questions in Anatomy of a Fall, and Triet gives viewers plenty of potentially contradictory answers in each case, as well as plenty of ways to inject their own experiences, biases, and feelings into the process of finding the answers.

Triet has said that part of the motive for the movie was looking at the way courts can be more interested in creating narratives than revealing truths. When Sandra is on trial, much of the courtroom action revolves around different characters spinning up elaborate, detailed stories about how they think her marriage worked, and what particular moments or choices meant to her. Her own explanations for these same moments or choices are dismissed as self-serving or deceptive and she certainly doesnt help her case when she does lie about certain things.

Most centrally, an oily, notably misogynistic prosecutor (or, in French terms, advocate general), played to bristling perfection by Antoine Reinartz, makes a sumptuous public meal out of a recording of Sandra and Samuel fighting a recording that has its own prominent ambiguities. That prosecutor is openly the villain of the piece, but when he catches Sandra out about places where she deliberately shaded or hid the truth, he scores some victories on the audiences behalf, uncovering things they want to know in order to understand Sandra better, and to unravel her complex situation.

One of the reasons Anatomy of a Fall has proved so discussable, so indelible, is that it isnt really about discovering whether Sandra pushed Samuel out of that window. Its more about considering how impossible it is for any outsider to understand what goes on in any close, private relationship, whether its a marriage, or the link between parent and child, between siblings, or between anyone else whos had time and space to develop an intimate connection that shuts other people out. Relationships tend to have their own language, literally as well as figuratively, and Triet illustrates how the neat, pat narratives we all understand like He was abusive, so she killed him, or She stole his creative ideas, so he shut her out are rarely nuanced enough to apply to real relationships.

Thats a heady concept for a courtroom drama or a relationship thriller, both of which tend to have their own pat narrative expectations. Which is another reason Anatomy of a Fall has spawned so much cultural conversation: Its an unusual, ambitious, complicated project, which tends to keep a movie from becoming a populist hit, but often guarantees a film traction specifically with the kind of audiences who like to think about and discuss movies, from critics and awards bodies to fans of well-made arthouse cinema.

Then there are the central performances. Hller was also a critical favorite in year-end awards for her portrayal of Sandra, a complicated woman whos sympathetic more often than repellent, but is enough of both to keep viewers guessing and debating. Hllers bafflement at how the court and the public see her relationship, and her naked hunger for Daniels trust and support, are both palpable drivers throughout the movie. Its easy to feel for her when Daniel pushes her away, or when the prosecutor comes at her with yet another malicious, contemptuous barb. But its also easy to feel small seeds of doubt uncoiling in your stomach when the court reveals places where she twisted the truth, or when listening to how other people in the movie see or interpret her.

Graner, for his part, offers a compelling, convincing performance as a self-possessed, independent child burdened with more information and responsibility than he wants. The nuance and mystery Triet wants to dominate the movie wouldnt work without these two performances and their interplay. Her script is richly detailed and complicated and her direction is confident and compelling, but so much of Anatomy of a Fall builds on Hller and Graners interplay, and how viewers sympathies are meant to shift with each new revelation and all the new questions those revelations suggest.

But above all, a clear reason Anatomy of a Fall has provoked so many analytical essays and videos is because its such a satisfying topic. Like the top at the end of Inception, like the plane at the end of John Sayles Limbo, like the shoe and the other big questions of Jordan Peeles Nope, the question of Sandras guilt is meant as a kind of Rorschach blot. Viewers may see more of themselves reflected in the movies central questions than they like or they might just see it as a logic puzzle, where each new piece of evidence for a given take on the story might be the one that finally convinces everyone.

Triet and Harari dont tip their hands, and dont offer easy answers. This isnt a mystery story about an all-knowing sleuth who sees through everyone, its a story about how unknowable people really are, and how hard other people work to convince themselves otherwise. The film tells a compelling story particularly well: If it didnt, all that ambiguity might just be frustrating. But its also beautifully crafted as a conversation piece, and the kinds of viewers who enjoy debating movies keep finding it and keeping that conversation going.

For all the buzz around Anatomy of a Fall, and for all its lengthy theatrical run, it was still a small movie at the box office, earning a reported $23 million worldwide. But for an arthouse drama, thats still a notable take, above some of the years other most buzzed-about theatrical dramas. And its digital availability rentable on Amazon and Vudu, among the usual online retailers will guarantee that people will keep finding it and talking about it. Maybe itll win an Oscar, maybe it wont. But its already won its battle for recognition and attention in a crowded and competitive space. Maybe more than any other movie in 2023, it impressed the people who saw it, and kept them talking long after other movies of its vintage had peaked, passed, and been forgotten.

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Anatomy of a Fall rode a debatable mystery to the 2024 Oscars - Polygon

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Oscar-Nominated Films From Poor Things To Anatomy Of A Fall, American Fiction & The Holdovers Step It Up In Theaters Specialty Preview – Deadline

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Oscar-Nominated Films From Poor Things To Anatomy Of A Fall, American Fiction & The Holdovers Step It Up In Theaters Specialty Preview - Deadline

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Is Anatomy Of A Fall Based On A True Story? – Screen Rant

Summary

The structure, details, and unravelling narrative of Anatomy of a Fall all point to the possibility that the Oscar-nominated film is based on a true story. Directed by Justine Triet, Anatomy of a Fall tells the story of Sandra Voyter (Sandra Hller), a German writer living in France who is accused of murdering her husband, Samuel, after he falls out of a window and is found dead by their blind son, Daniel. The courtroom drama follows Sandra's trial, as new details of the case are gradually revealed and certain narratives are spun to make a case.

As a whole, Anatomy of a Fall is reminiscent of a true-crime case. The film is critical of how the legal system uses selective facts to construct narratives and create fictionalized versions of real people's lives. The blurred lines between reality and fiction are a core theme of Anatomy of a Fall, which adds an intriguing layer to the question of the story's origins. The courtroom setting, reminiscence of true crime, and ambiguity of Anatomy of a Fall's ending all contribute to the illusion that the film could be based on a true story.

Despite its semblance of the true crime genre, Anatomy of a Fall is not based on a true story. The plot was an original idea constructed by Triet alongside her partner, Arthur Harari, with whom she co-wrote the screenplay. Triet and Harari's brilliant writing of Anatomy of a Fall earned them an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 2024 Oscars. Triet is also nominated for Best Director, becoming only the eighth female director nominated for the Best Director Oscar in history.

The plot of Anatomy of a Fall may not have been derived from true events, but the essence of the film is still rooted in real-life cases. Triet revealed that Anatomy of a Fall was heavily influenced by the true-crime stories she read "on an almost daily basis" (via The Hollywood Reporter). Triet was also inspired by trial-centered movies and shows and "always thought [she]'d do a film with a trial at the heart of the story" one day.

While true crime and courtroom dramas inspired the basic premise of the film, Hller actually inspired the creation of her character in Anatomy of a Fall and the film as a whole. After first seeing Hller act in Maren Ade's 2016 film Toni Erdmann, Triet told THR she was "so impressed" by her as an actress that she decided to cast Hller in her 2019 film, Sibyl. Triet "immediately connected to the relationship that [Hller] has to her acting," and was inspired by her "artistic approach" and "deep commitment, even physically, to what she does."

During the shooting of Sibyl, Triet decided to create a role specifically for Hller to play. As she began conceptualizing what would eventually become Anatomy of a Fall, the French director realized she'd have to figure out how to navigate the "question of language" presented by the German actress' native tongue. Ultimately, Triet decided to embrace the conflict that Hller's language barrier presented by incorporating it into the plot and making it a crucial element of the story. Without Hller, Anatomy of a Fall would never have existed.

Source: The Hollywood Reporter

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Is Anatomy Of A Fall Based On A True Story? - Screen Rant

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