The two most commonly used types of forceps for the cephalic presenting fetus are Simpson type and Elliot or Tucker-McLane forceps. The main differences between the two are that the Simpson forceps have shanks that are separated (remember Simpson shanks separated) whereas those of the Elliot/Tucker-McLane type are overlapping (remember Tucker tucked in). The separated shanks as well as the longer tapering cephalic curve allow for the Simpson type forceps to be used on longer, more molded heads whereas the Elliot or Tucker-McLane types are narrower and might be chosen for the easier pull in a multiparous patient, for example.
The other two commonly used forceps are for special indications. Kielland forceps are used for rotational maneuvers (you turn a key) owing to their very slight reverse pelvic curve and sliding lock which allows for correction of asynclitism. The Piper forceps, with their long backward curving shanks and reverse pelvic curve, are designed specifically for stabilization and delivery of the aftercoming head in a breech presentation.
Read more - Forceps delivery: Contemporary tips for a classic obstetric tool
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Anatomy of the forceps - Contemporary Obgyn
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